Energy crisis or hydrocarbon crisis? | ¿Crisis energética o crisis de hidrocarburos?

By Francesco Zaratti:

Contrary to what is heard daily, Bolivia is not facing an energy crisis, but a hydrocarbon crisis. In fact, there are no blackouts or electricity rationing, although there are long lines at fuel pumps.

It is true that two-thirds of the electricity we consume is generated by burning natural gas, but precisely for this reason, we should reduce our dependence on gas in electricity generation and bet more on renewable sources, which Bolivia has in abundance.

Fortunately, the new president, Rodrigo Paz, has given clear signs that a profound change is coming in the country and, in particular, in the energy sector. This is due to the calamitous state of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB), the most important public company in the country.

Twenty years after its refoundation, no one doubts that YPFB failed the country. A beautiful maiden with a large dowry and a lot of ambition was handed over to the governments of the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS), and we have been given back a decrepit old woman, stained by corruption, opaque in her chores, victim and accomplice of political interference, obese in personnel, wasteful of foreign currency and gas reserves and indebted to the core.

How could this happen? In two decades, YPFB has had more than 14 presidents, all interim, many denounced and one even convicted of corruption. In addition, according to data from the company itself, YPFB’s operating deficit reached 174 million dollars in the first quarter of this year. Current gas production has been reduced to 26 million cubic meters per day and reserves – according to the president of YPFB – do not exceed 3 TCF. In short, we are with the tank “in reserve” and without money.

What is the remedy for this imminent collapse? Although there is consensus on the adjustment measures (eliminating subsidies, modifying the Hydrocarbons Law and attracting venture capital to explore), there is no agreement on how to apply them to YPFB, within the framework of the Constitution.

There is no shortage of those, from a nationalist vision, who defend the current centralist and monopolistic model. They propose a reengineering that unifies the subsidiaries under a single command, trusting in an almost angelic administration of “competent, patriotic professionals, independent of political power, honest and… single without children”.

Another proposal suggests to free YPFB from the clutches of politics without reforming the Constitution. It recommends turning YPFB or its subsidiaries into joint ventures (as most formally they already are), transferring the execution to private partners – serious oil companies – but keeping the management in the hands of the State.

Others consider a new capitalization necessary: a strong injection of external capital and cutting-edge technology in partnership with YPFB, guaranteeing modern business management.

An additional option, to which I adhere, is to transform YPFB, or each subsidiary, into a stock company listed on the Stock Exchange, incorporating a percentage of citizen participation and another of business investment. This is Ecopetrol’s model, which has allowed Colombian citizens to benefit from the profits and oversee the management of the state-owned company. In addition, it is more in tune with the slogan of the new government: “capitalism for all.”

However, changes in YPFB’s governance and regulatory modifications may encourage exploration, but they do not guarantee the discovery of new gas or oil deposits, much less in the short term.

For this reason, it is essential to promote an energy transition – or, if you prefer, diversification – that for Bolivia is no longer an option, but a necessity.

https://fzaratti.blog/en/2025/11/06/energy-crisis-or-hydrocarbon-crisis/

Leave a comment