Days before the runoff, Bolivia is mired in an economic crisis | A días del balotaje, Bolivia está sumido en una crisis económica

By EFE, Eju.tv:

“The results are disastrous”

A shortage of foreign currency, fuel rationing, and unfinished industrial projects mark the final stretch of the president’s term.El presidente boliviano Luis Arce

Bolivian President Luis Arce holds a press conference at the presidential palace in La Paz, Bolivia, Thursday, August 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Juan Karita)

A month before President Luis Arce hands over power, Bolivia is going through one of the most delicate economic crises in recent decades. The shortage of U.S. dollars has strained imports and jeopardized the subsidized purchase of fuels, while the flagship promise of his administration — industrialization — shows insufficient results and stalled projects.

Economist Alberto Bonadona was categorical in stating that Arce “has led Bolivia to the gates of hell and is leaving us there.” He told EFE that the foreign currency deficit and the lack of fuel will not be resolved before the runoff election.

One of the main mistakes, he added, is the absence of “timely” investment in natural gas exploration, a central source of foreign income for the country for more than a decade. This lack of foresight, he noted, is inherited from the governments of Evo Morales, of whom Arce was finance minister and a close ally.

The outlook worsened this week when Armin Dorgathen, president of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB), acknowledged that the country will only be able to supply between 70% and 80% of fuel demand due to the lack of U.S. dollars to import diesel and gasoline.

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FILE – Former Bolivian President Evo Morales with then-presidential candidate Luis Arce in Buenos Aires, Argentina, February 17, 2020. (AP Photo/Natacha Pisarenko, File)

Lithium and unfinished projects

The government’s push to industrialize lithium through direct extraction technology (EDL) is also on hold. Contracts signed with Chinese and Russian consortia remain paralyzed in the legislature, blocked by internal disputes within the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) and questions about their content.

Added to this is the so-called “import substitution” policy, which promoted factories and industrial projects in various regions. Bonadona warns that these initiatives functioned more as tools of political patronage than as genuine engines of development.

Large projects — such as iron exploitation, urea production, or sugar industrialization in La Paz — are advancing only partially and have failed to meet expectations.

“Management by results is disastrous. Arce and the MAS period (Movement Toward Socialism), of which he has been an inseparable part since 2006, are leaving the country practically bankrupt and depleted,” said political analyst Franklin Pareja.

The country’s immediate future will depend on the winner of the October 19 runoff between centrist Rodrigo Paz and former president Jorge “Tuto” Quiroga. According to Pareja, one of the most urgent challenges will be ensuring transparency in the handover of information during the governmental transition.Manifestantes gritan proclamas contra el

Protesters shout slogans against the government during a demonstration over contracts signed for lithium exploitation with a Chinese consortium and a Russian company, in La Paz, Bolivia, Thursday, February 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Juan Karita)

The official defense

From the government’s side, Economy Minister Marcelo Montenegro rejects the diagnosis of a terminal crisis. “There is stability in several sectors of the economy. It’s not true, as some claim, that the worst economic situation is being handed over — that’s simply not the case,” he stated while presenting a management report.

The official reminded that Arce’s government had to face external shocks such as the pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and trade tensions with the United States during Donald Trump’s administration.

Despite that, he insisted, Bolivia’s economy managed to grow steadily until 2022, the year internal conflicts erupted, leading to road blockades, a paralyzed legislature, and a 36-day strike in Santa Cruz. According to his calculations, these actions by Morales’ supporters caused losses exceeding 5 billion dollars, in addition to 1.6 billion dollars in international loans stalled in Parliament.

Montenegro acknowledged the drop in natural gas production — from 22.188 billion cubic meters in 2014 to 11.896 in 2024 — but emphasized that Bolivia has continued to meet its external debt payments, equivalent to 23.1% of GDP.

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