In Bolivia, five out of ten older adults continue working during old age | En Bolivia, cinco de cada 10 adultos mayores siguen trabajando durante su vejez

By Deisy Ortiz Duran, El Deber:

Adultos mayores que trabajan

More than half of them are self-employed. Mistreatment and discrimination are the most reported forms of violence. Families with an older adult spend more than double on healthcare compared to those without.

Mery Bazán wakes up early every day, carrying a bag full of freshly cooked food and the utensils she needs to set up her street stand near Expocruz. She walks slowly because of the heavy load and knee pain, but as soon as the sun rises, she is ready to serve her customers and, above all, to secure her livelihood. She prepares grilled meats, empanadas, and patasca, usually returning home after noon. She lives alone in the Virgen de Luján area and has no choice but to keep working, as she must cover rent, food, and medicine. The monthly Renta Dignidad benefit of Bs 350 is not enough to live on.

In Bolivia, five out of ten people over 60 continue working, either independently or as employees. This is revealed by the report Aging in Bolivia: Situation, Trends, and Challenges for the Protection and Care of Older Persons, prepared by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and released in November 2024.

Based on the 2021 Household Survey, about 1.3 million people aged 60 or older live in the country. Moreover, 22.3% of Bolivian households include at least one older adult. Of these, 14.4% are single-person households in this age range, 7.7% have two older adults, and 0.2% have three.

Although many receive some income through pensions, state benefits, or private transfers (such as remittances), a large portion are forced to keep working to cover expenses. On average, half of Bolivia’s population over 60 is employed.

The data shows that three out of five older adults who work are self-employed. The second most common category, about 15%, is those involved in family businesses without pay. Third, about 13% work as laborers or employees, while the remaining 5% are domestic workers, cooperative members, or employer-partners receiving payment.

Many of the self-employed are in trade and services, often under precarious conditions unsuitable for their age. Street vendors in particular face long working hours and exposure to street risks.

On August 26, Bolivia celebrated the Day of the Dignity of Older Adults, marked by various activities. However, the date was also used to raise awareness about the need to protect and care for elders. Institutions such as the Ombudsman’s Office urged the State to address their needs and safeguard their rights.

Violations

According to complaints registered by the Ombudsman’s Office, mistreatment and discrimination are the most frequent forms of aggression against older adults. From 2024 to May 2025, the office handled 1,152 cases of mistreatment—whether family, institutional, or social. Next came limitations on voting rights (149 cases) and age-based discrimination (125 cases), also linked to disability, skin color, marital status, or physical appearance.

The Ombudsman’s Office states that, in line with regulations, it seeks to remedy these rights violations while promoting, protecting, and defending the human rights of older adults to guarantee a dignified, discrimination-free old age.

The Ministry of Health, since 2024, has implemented a strategy to improve distribution of the Carmelo nutritional supplement. Still, lack of access to healthcare and free treatments remains one of the heaviest burdens for older adults and their families.

On average, older adults spend about Bs 786 annually on healthcare costs, according to 2021 data. This amount rises if they suffer from chronic illnesses or physical impairments requiring greater medical care.

Families with older adults spend more than twice as much on healthcare compared to households without—3.7% vs. 1.8%, respectively.

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