The Bicentennial War | La guerra del Bicentenario

By Antonio Saravia, Vision 360:

As we can see, we are the eternal bottom-dweller, but we had opportunities when we embraced liberal programs.

Last week, Peruvian President Dina Boluarte sparked outrage in Bolivia when she declared in her Independence Day speech that Bolivia, like Cuba and Venezuela, was a “failed” state. A reckless comment coming from a head of state, especially from Peru—a neighboring, friendly, and allied country with which we share a common history.

But like any painful insult, Boluarte’s remark hit a nerve because, silently and secretly, we all ask ourselves if, deep down, she might be right. Are we a “failed state”? How does one measure the success or failure of a nation? A tough question, of course, but I would suggest that a country’s success is measured by the opportunities each generation leaves for the next. A country is successful—alive as a collective project—when its youth feel they can pursue happiness within it. Has Bolivia been able to inspire hope and dreams in its younger generations? I’m afraid not. Yes, there have been exceptional periods in our history when we believed our children had a promising future. But generally, if we’re being honest, we’ve always hoped they would leave to find elsewhere what the country couldn’t offer.

Bolivia has almost always been the poorest country in the region. And rather than narrowing the gap with our neighbors, the distance has grown; relatively speaking, we are increasingly poorer. I say “almost always” because there was a time when we surpassed several regional countries. Indeed, the Maddison Project—widely used by economists and historians—shows that between 1890 and 1918, Bolivia’s per capita GDP was higher than that of Peru (take note, President Boluarte!), Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Paraguay. What a coincidence that this superiority aligns almost perfectly with the liberal period of our history, right? Our per capita GDP was higher than Colombia’s until 1927, Ecuador’s until 1951, Brazil’s until 1958, and Paraguay’s until 1978. After that, we’ve always been dead last in the neighborhood. Paraguay, which typically shared the bottom ranks with us, has pulled far ahead in recent decades. Not to mention the rest. Even after the profound collapses of Venezuela and Argentina, Bolivia remains—by far—the Cinderella of the region.

There were some attempts to reverse our misfortune. The most notable was the period starting in 1985, when Dr. Paz stabilized the economy and stopped the hyperinflation that was making us—if not a failed state—certainly one in open destruction. From then and over the next couple of decades, Bolivia embarked on a liberal process that, though timid, had the great virtue of building institutions that pointed to a viable nation based on dialogue and democratic agreements. The Heritage Foundation’s Economic Freedom Index (EFI) began publication in 1995. That year, Bolivia scored 56.8—just below the world average of 57.6—ranking 56th out of 101 countries. From then on, our score steadily improved, staying above the global average for nine consecutive years (1996 to 2004). Our peak came in 1998 when we reached 68.8 (with the global average at 57.2), ranking 25th out of 155 countries! Our EFI remained stable until 2004 and could have started bearing fruit. But from then on, it plummeted. What else could be expected from the MAS government? The result: we now rank 165th out of 176 countries.

As we can see, we are the eternal underdog—but we had opportunities when we embraced liberal programs. Since we’ve mostly strayed from them, our fate has been different. The last twenty years are a textbook case of self-destruction. So how do we recover faith in our future? How do we leave a better country for future generations? I’m sorry, but at this point, we can’t do either with niceties and wishful thinking. Even if it looks like MAS (the criminal gang that hijacked the country and its institutions, and wrecked our economy to the point of being seen as a failed state) is divided and weakened, we cannot naively believe they’ll give up power democratically. Our country has been taken over by narco interests and 21st Century Socialism. These people have one goal: to keep us impoverished in order to stay in power. These are not “political opponents”—they are enemies. And with enemies, you don’t debate—you fight.

Yes, I’m not exaggerating: Bolivia’s future and its next 200 years depend on how we fight this war on many fronts. It’s a battle between good (those who believe in the dignity of the individual within a Republic) and evil (those who want to impose a “Plurinational State” and its socialist paradigm). This is not just a war of economic ideas or political models—it is, at its core, a moral war. As we celebrate our bicentennial, we must realize what is at stake. Either we fight for individual dignity against collectivist statism, or we’ll watch our neighbors pass us by for another 200 years.

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