The Popularity of “Social Justice” | La popularidad de la “justicia social”

By Antonio Saravia, Vision360:

Feelings matter, they are real, and they cannot be dismissed in the process of social construction. Ignoring them, especially in the political process and the development of economic policies, can be fatal for the building of a society that grants increasing freedoms to the individual.

I have often criticized in this column the pernicious idea of “social justice.” My argument (based, of course, on a long liberal tradition) is that justice cannot be qualified. There can be no true justice if its administration pursues goals that go beyond the objective observation of facts and the merits of those seeking it. A judge delivering justice must punish the thief once the theft is proven, regardless of whether the thief is very poor and evokes pity or whether the victim is very rich and provokes antipathy. It is therefore a contradiction to speak of “social justice,” “redistributive justice,” “indigenous justice,” “food justice,” etc. Justice is justice, period.

Impartiality (respect for facts and not emotions) is fundamental and is represented by the blindfold covering the eyes of Lady Justice, the allegorical representation of justice from ancient Rome. It even appears in the Bible (Leviticus 19:15): “You shall do no injustice in judgment; you shall not be partial to the poor nor defer to the great, but you are to judge your neighbor fairly.” Its importance lies in ensuring that everyone (regardless of income level, age, place of origin, skin color, etc.) is equal before the law.

Abandoning impartiality and objectivity to achieve certain social goals (such as poverty alleviation, equality of opportunity, or access to certain goods and services) is dangerous (and unjust) because it generates unequal treatment under the law, punishes the innocent, and reduces productive incentives. If, for example, we make those who have legitimately accumulated wealth through individual effort pay much higher taxes than the poor in the name of “redistributive justice,” we would be punishing an innocent and productive person. Furthermore, as Hayek points out, if the abandonment of these fundamental principles is channeled through the political process, the ultimate result may be totalitarianism. Politicians seeking to design the “ideal society” according to their own values and emotions will attempt to justify a subjective administration of justice (and the consequent suppression of individual freedom) as a valid sacrifice in pursuit of an objective they deem legitimate.

Yet despite this logical inconsistency and the real dangers it entails, the idea of “social justice” remains very popular among voters. Why? At least two explanations can be proposed (I suggest reading the essay on Hayek by my good friend Julio Cole, a professor at Francisco Marroquín University). The first is that today’s society — broad, global, and modern (what Hayek calls the “extended order”) — is a relatively new construction in human history. In today’s society, we interact constantly but do not know each other personally, nor do we pursue the same objectives. This new reality is very different from the way of life humanity experienced for most of its existence on this planet. For thousands of years, humans lived in small tribes, clans, or families. In that “small order,” proximity and blood or fraternal ties made merits other than productivity visible (no one, for example, would view it as an “injustice” for the elders of the tribe to receive goods and services without producing them, because it was understood they had contributed to the tribe in the past). It is very possible, then, that although today’s “extended order” is completely different, we still evolutionarily retain aspects of our humanity that make us prone to accepting, or even demanding, certain objectives of “social justice:” protection for the elderly, a safety net for the poor, education for all children, etc.

The second explanation is that human beings tend to extend the sense of “justice” beyond observed outcomes. Most people probably consider the fortunes of Bill Gates or Jeff Bezos fair because they were earned legitimately and with great effort, but it is also very possible that the same people find it somewhat “unfair” that someone who tried just as hard and bravely was not as lucky as they were. It’s like in soccer: many may find it unfair when the team that played better ends up losing.

I do not intend here to argue that these feelings, which extend the strict sense of justice, are necessarily correct or logical, because, like religion, they are precisely that: feelings that cannot be judged coldly through rationality. But neither do I wish to argue, as Hayek does, that they are “fraudulent,” “absurd,” or “atavistic.” Feelings matter, they are real, and they cannot be dismissed in the process of social construction. Ignoring them, especially in the political process and in the development of economic policies, can be fatal for the building of a society that grants increasing freedoms to the individual.

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