Retirees lose their purchasing power due to the dollar crisis | Los jubilados pierden su poder adquisitivo por crisis del dólar

By El Diario:

  • The fixed exchange rate of the dollar has been surpassed by the parallel market, as it reflects a devaluation of the boliviano by more than 80%.
The boliviano is losing ground against the U.S. dollar.

The dollar crisis has driven up the prices of all products. Inflation nearly reached double digits in 2024, and the purchasing power of the boliviano has been losing its value. The most affected are the most vulnerable families, but also retirees, who do not receive annual wage increases.

Inflation in 2024 reached 9.97%, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE); however, economists indicate that the figure was actually higher, possibly exceeding 12%.

The Government projected an inflation rate of 7.5% for the current year, but by March the accumulated figure had already reached 5%, around 63% of what national authorities had estimated. Economists such as Gabriel Espinoza and Mauricio Ríos have warned that the percentage could surpass 20%.

Analysis
“Saving in dollars with my AFP, that’s what I would’ve liked,” is the headline of an opinion article by hydrocarbons sector analyst Mauricio Medinaceli Morroy, as he evaluates the devaluation of his savings due to the situation of the U.S. dollar. Despite the official exchange rate remaining fixed, the parallel market continues to gain ground.

“The reason is very simple. Imagine that in the year 2020 you check your AFP account statement and happily see Bs 100,000. You do the math (with an exchange rate of Bs 6.96 per $1) and find that you have a little over 14,000 U.S. dollars,” he writes. He adds, “now, in the year 2025, you check your account statement and you have Bs 120,000. You do the math (with an exchange rate of Bs 13.5 per $1) and find that you have a little over 8,800 U.S. dollars.”

His retirement savings have fallen (using the parallel market dollar rate) by nearly 40%, he stated. The story would have been different if one had the chance to tell the AFP: “Ms. AFP, please convert all my contributions to dollars and manage my retirement fund in USD, even with a very low return.”

He reflects by saying that (…) the whole country was hypnotized by an extravagant concept called “bolivianization.” Now we are living with its consequences.

Devaluation
The president of the Honor Tribunal of the National Confederation of Retirees of Bolivia, Moisés Plaza, states that retirees’ pensions have been reduced due to the increase in the prices of basic goods. This hits the sector hard, as they do not receive salary increases, and most feel the devaluation of their pensions since it is not enough to cover their expenses.

He reported that next Tuesday the 22nd, his sector will hold a national assembly attended by representatives from across the country.

In a previous interview, pension analyst Alberto Bonadona lamented that retirees see their pensions shrink due to the devaluation of the bolivian currency. For that reason, he suggested that a way should be found to preserve the value of pensions, such as using the Housing Promotion Unit (UFV) as a reference to avoid loss of value.

Options
Given this outlook, Medinaceli comments: “in conversations/discussions with friends (and not-so-friends) about why the State forces us to save through an AFP or any other institution,” he asks: “Wouldn’t it be more sensible for each person to save as they wish? And in whatever form they wish? That is, in dollars, euros, houses, etc.”

He explains that arguments in favor of State intervention usually go along these lines: “if we don’t force people to save, they won’t save”; “the old system was better, the problem is individual capitalization”; “retirement is a right that we must not give up.”

Meanwhile, those who oppose it argue: “people know better how to save, rather than a State bureaucrat”; “it restricts my freedom to do what I want with my money”; “when I manage my retirement fund, I do it better.”

In this regard, he points out that many Latin Americans see retirement contributions as just another tax, and that’s why they decide to save in “bricks,” that is, in real estate: one property to live in and another to rent out.

“Retirement fund stories around the world are generally horror stories. Governments mismanaging them, private companies stealing them, bad investment decisions by fund managers, loss of value, a declining asset/liability ratio (because there are more and more retirees receiving money and fewer young people contributing), etc.,” he said.

The truth is that, for now, the purchasing power of Bolivians who have savings in AFPs has dropped by 40%… and counting; so start thinking about those ‘bricks’ I mentioned earlier, he concludes.

Wage Increase
Meanwhile, the formal labor sector is calling for a wage increase, based on the inflation registered in 2024. But what about the official figure? They are demanding a 15% increase to the national minimum wage and 20% for the base salary.

In 2023, accumulated inflation was 2.12%, and the increase to the national minimum wage was 5.8%, raising it to 2,500 bolivianos, while the base salary increase was only 3%. Economists said the percentage corresponds to the reality of inflation and not the official statistical data.

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