10 dishes for Holy Week, flavored with tradition | 10 platos para Semana Santa, con sabor a tradición

By Jorge Soruco, Vision 360:

Some recipes were lost due to cost

Representing the 12 apostles who accompanied Jesus at the Last Supper, the traditional dishes of the holiday boast Bolivian flavor.

El pescado es uno de los ingredientes principales de la fecha. FOTO: YouTube

Fish is one of the main ingredients of the occasion. PHOTO: YouTube

Holy Week arrives, and both believers and non-believers start planning a special menu for Good Friday. According to tradition, not only is red meat discouraged, but one can also prepare up to 12 traditional dishes.

There are many versions of when this custom began and the reasons behind it. According to the Catholic.net portal, debates about meat consumption were already taking place in the 4th century AD.

Meanwhile, a research project by the La Paz City Government, La Gastronomía Paceña en el Ciclo Festivo y Cotidiano(La Paz Cuisine in the Festive and Daily Cycle), estimates that the tradition of the 12 dishes in the seat of government arose in the mid-19th century.

According to historical studies, the Catholic Church’s prohibition on eating meat stemmed from the need to practice austerity, in keeping with the most important celebration on the religious calendar. This was to avoid “falling into the deadly sin of gluttony,” according to the municipal study.

There’s some truth to it, since for a long time, meat was an expensive food, a sign of prosperity.

On the other hand, while the ban focused on meat, the Church also opposed the preparation of lavish meals, regardless of the ingredients, to emulate Jesus’ austerity.

The tradition of the 12 dishes is also part of the Christian belief system. It is said that a meal with this number of preparations evokes the Last Supper Jesus shared with his apostles. Each dish is said to represent one of the disciples.

It is also a family and collective tradition. Friends, neighbors, and relatives were usually invited after the Holy Thursday and Good Friday fasts. Ideally, the meal would be shared with the same number of guests.

Recipes vary from city to city. Over time, and due to the ups and downs of the national economy, changes have occurred. In fact, even the Church lifted the meat ban due to the nutritional needs of its followers.

In La Paz, for example, the number of dishes has been reduced to between eight and six. One reason is the disappearance of dishes like Caldo de Bacalao and Camaroncillo, both due to the rising cost and limited availability of their ingredients.

Still, desserts are almost mandatory, and if possible, families continue enjoying some recipes that have been around for two centuries.

1. To start, nothing like ají or sajta de papalisa, depending on the region

Ají de papalisa is available in various versions, with or without meat. Of course, essential is the papalisa itself, also known as olluco or melloco in other South American countries.

This tuber is accompanied by an ají or sauce made from various ingredients. It is usually served with white rice and boiled potatoes.

2. Squash carbonara, a Bolivian tradition with an Italian twist

Also known as carbonara boliviana, this dish is a squash purée served with sautéed vegetables, corn slices, yellow chili stew, tomato, and onion. It may be topped with grated cheese and chopped parsley.

Some cooks prepare it inside the squash itself, for a special touch. Depending on the region, it may be spicier.

3. Nearly disappeared, ají de cochayuyo is a heritage dish of La Paz and the lake

Ají de cochayuyo or simply cochayuyo is made with algae harvested from Lake Titicaca, and served with tunta(dehydrated potato), cheese, and hard-boiled egg. The algae are sautéed with chopped onion and yellow chili, though red chili can also be used. It typically doesn’t include meat, but in some regions, fish or seafood is added when affordable.

4. Queso Humacha, a dish that gained international recognition

Queso humacha is deeply rooted in Bolivia’s history and culture.

According to various researchers, the dish dates back to colonial times and is linked to the Spanish troops who fought Túpac Amaru II’s rebellion.

It’s made with melted cheese in yellow chili, cooked corn, chopped hard-boiled eggs, fava beans, and white potatoes.

5. Ají de arveja, made with one of the Andes’ staple foods

This dish goes beyond Holy Week, as it’s also traditional during the All Saints holiday, especially in La Paz households.

It combines peas with herbs and chili. The chili adds a spicy note that perfectly blends with the softness of the peas. It also includes potatoes.

6. Papas a la Huancaína, a delight combining peanuts with fresh vegetables

Originally from Peru, papas a la huancaína has become a favorite in Bolivia.

In Bolivia, the sauce is creamier and spicier than elsewhere, made with local roasted peanuts and yellow chili.

It can be served as a main dish or appetizer, depending on the size of the potatoes used.

7. The lake’s little fish: Fried ispi with mote and chuño

Ispi is a small species of killifish found only in the Titicaca basin. The largest ones barely reach nine centimeters.

They’re cleaned, seasoned with yellow flour, salt, and pepper, then fried whole and served with potato, motechuño, and llajua (spicy sauce).

8. The queen of Lake Titicaca and La Paz’s aquatic cuisine: trout

Fried trout, a classic delicacy of La Paz. This species is mainly farmed in Lake Titicaca and special pools in Pongo and is a traditional dish on the Bolivian table, especially during Holy Week.

Its preparation requires careful seasoning and perfect golden frying. It is served with rice and fried or boiled potatoes, along with yellow chili or llajua.

9. The country’s most traditional fish soup: wallake

Wallake, also known as caldo de karachitimpu de carachiwallaqi or whallaque, features karachi, a lake fish measuring 10 to 15 centimeters. It has a pleasant flavor.

It also includes a key herb that gives it its flavor and benefits: koa, a highland shrub whose leaves are mainly used.

10. The traditional sweet dish: arroz con leche (rice pudding)

Though recipes vary by region, arroz con leche is the quintessential Holy Week dessert. It involves slow-cooking rice, milk, cinnamon, and sugar.

Some add condensed milk and evaporated milk for extra creaminess. It can be served hot, warm, or cold, topped with cinnamon.

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