“FLEET OF THE INDIES / THE SILVER FLEET / THE SPANISH TREASURE FLEET” | “FLOTA DE INDIAS / FLOTA DE LA PLATA / FLOTA DEL TESORO ESPAÑOL”

By History and Legend of the Imperial City of Potosí:

“FLEET OF THE INDIES, ALSO KNOWN AS THE SPANISH TREASURE FLEET, THE SILVER FLEET, OR SILVER VLOOT IN DUTCH, WAS THE NAVIGATION MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH THE INVALUABLE WEALTH OF THE IMPERIAL VILLA OF POTOSÍ WAS TRANSPORTED TO EUROPE AND ASIA.”

“The Armada of the South Sea or Spanish South Fleet” was composed of 6 galleons, 3 frigates, and 5 merchant ships, which arrived in Arica to collect more than 7,000 bars or ingots of Potosí silver and about 100,000 silver coins. They were then transported to the Port of Callao. When weather and wind conditions were favorable, they would weigh anchor to sail to Panama in a 20-day journey, provided there were no stops.

The timing of the navigation had to be precise, as they had to synchronize their arrival in Panama with the “Atlantic Fleet of the Galleons or the Mainland Fleet” arriving from Spain, which almost never happened. The galleons of the South Sea had to sometimes wait for months for the Spanish fleet’s arrival, with the risk of the treasure being attacked by English and Dutch pirates in Central America.

Once the Atlantic Fleet of the Galleons arrived, the enormous silver treasure was exchanged for European manufactures, and subsequently, the South Fleet returned to South America to patrol the coasts until it was time to make the next silver cargo delivery, as the treasure was sent to Spain twice a year. On the other hand, once the silver treasure was collected by the Atlantic Fleet of the Galleons or the Mainland Fleet, which was escorted by six or eight galleons and carried more than 20 merchant ships, it departed for Havana, where it was supposed to meet the fleet collecting riches from Mexico and North America, known as the “New Spain Fleet.” This fleet had less military power, as it only had 2 escort galleons and about 10 merchant ships.

In Havana, they waited for the escort warships coming from Spain, and when the entire enormous “Fleet of the Indies” was assembled, comprising about 8 galleons, 5 frigates, 30 merchant ships, and more than 10 warships, they departed on the return journey to Spain with all the treasures collected from America, and some ships headed to the Philippines for the exchange of silver with the Chinese Empire, embarking on a perilous journey full of pirates and storms that lasted four months, as the entire fleet traveled at the speed of the slowest and most heavily laden ships.

At the forefront of all the ships was the largest galleon or “Flagship” named “La Plata” because it carried the largest amount of treasure. During the night, it would light a large lantern at the stern to guide all the other ships, and at the rear traveled another galleon called the “Almiranta,” which protected the rear guard. However, there were also numerous heavily armed ships and galleons in the middle and at the extremes, guarding the merchant ships of the enormous Fleet of the Indies. Once the journey was completed, the fleet arrived at the ports of Seville in Spain and at the port of Manila in the Philippines, where thousands of coins and ingots of silver from the Imperial Villa of Potosí were unloaded to enrich the coffers of Spain, China, and, consequently, world trade.”

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