Terminal Economic Disaster | Desastre económico en fase terminal

By Germán Huanca Luna, Urgente.bo:

While the government labels the Plurinational Assembly’s refusal to approve international loans as “economic sabotage,” from an economic standpoint, what is unfolding is a disaster that has been forewarned for years. The current situation is the result of an economic policy that has prioritized public spending beyond the country’s real production capacity. In this sense, the government must take full responsibility for the catastrophe it has led Bolivians into by implementing an unsustainable economic strategy.

Regarding macroeconomic figures, various analysts have scrutinized them. However, today we want to focus on one indicator that reflects trade policy behavior and the availability of dollars in the country: the ratio between International Reserves and Imports, which gives us the Total Reserves in months of imports.

According to data from the World Bank (https://data.worldbank.org/), in 2006, when the MAS-IPSP took power, Bolivia could cover up to nine months of imports with its international reserves. With gas revenues in the following years, this ratio peaked in 2009, allowing the country to cover up to 17 months of imports before declining to six months by 2019. During the Áñez administration, efforts were made to recover six to seven months of import coverage by the end of 2020. However, from that year onward, this ratio began to plummet alarmingly, reaching 2023, when reserves could only cover a month and a half of imports. Currently, there is no updated data on this indicator, and it is assumed that reserves are insufficient to cover even one month.

This behavior reflects the irrationality of the economic policy implemented by Evo Morales, along with then-Minister of Economy Luis Arce, which has continued under Arce Catacora’s government. The creation of state-owned enterprises, infrastructure projects without economic justification, and unnecessary public spending increases have been key decisions leading to this crisis. As export revenues declined, the government chose to increase external debt, leaving the country bankrupt and deeply indebted.

It is important to note that neither business owners, currency exchangers, nor importers are responsible for this crisis. The current shortage of gasoline and diesel is the sole responsibility of the Bolivian government. In particular, the Central Bank of Bolivia, the Executive Branch, and the Plurinational Assembly bear responsibility for allowing the use of International Reserves below minimum thresholds, severely impacting dollar liquidity in the economy.

The government must urgently take responsibility for the crisis and stop delaying its resolution. The country needs drastic measures to overcome this situation: a sharp reduction in public spending and the removal of export restrictions to generate a trade and fiscal surplus, restoring confidence in the economy and improving dollar inflows. If this is not possible, Bolivia will have to resort to an international loan from the IMF or the World Bank specifically to balance the payments deficit and inject liquid dollars into the Bolivian economy.

What is really behind the government’s request for international loans is not a structural solution but merely a short-term fix to get through the elections. The government wants dollars to hand over to YPFB to pay for gasoline and other international commitments. But this will not address the underlying problems. Even if currency swaps are carried out, Bolivia will remain trapped in the same vicious cycle of dependency on loans and external debt.

It is time for the MAS-IPSP and Arce’s government to take full responsibility for the economic crisis. You created this crisis, and the public needs to know it. The real economic sabotage comes from the government, the result of poor economic management. The challenge is clear: addressing the international reserves crisis is crucial to ensuring economic stability and preventing the fuel shortage from continuing to paralyze the country.

*Master in Financial Economics

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