Uncertain State of the Electoral Roulette | Estado incierto de la ruleta electoral

By Walter Guevara, Vision 360:

The electoral roulette is spinning wildly. We can all bet on the winner, hoping that the country doesn’t end up as the loser.

No opposition candidate can win the next presidential election without securing a majority of votes from the emerging middle class.

This sector blindly voted for the MAS until the 2016 referendum. From that point on, it gradually distanced itself from Evo and masismo. Today, its vote is up for grabs, capable of supporting either a moderate MAS candidate or any opposition candidate who can win them over. This sector no longer votes by mandate.

Another third consists of die-hard masistas who will vote to the death for the toughest or best-positioned MAS candidate. On the other extreme, there is the third of die-hard anti-masistas who will vote for the most anti-masista candidate of all.

Before assessing the opposition’s prospects, let’s consider those of Luis Arce Catacora, should he decide to run. Let’s recall how this dull bureaucrat won the 2020 election.

From Buenos Aires, Evo Morales handpicked him as the candidate, crushing all other contenders. During his campaign, he appeared conciliatory, appealing to the emerging middle class as well as many traditional middle-class voters.

Once elected, he imprisoned former President Jeanine Añez, Santa Cruz Governor Luis Fernando Camacho, and other opposition leaders, intimidating anyone who dared to stand against his weak government. In his last year in office, he took the MAS party away from Evo and cornered him in Chapare. Perhaps things are not as simple as some make them out to be.

The 55% of voters who elected him in 2020 consisted of 30% of valid votes from the MAS grassroots. Evo secured this vote by ensuring a united MAS that backed Arce at the time. To this 30%, Arce added 20% of valid votes that he won himself by drawing from the emerging middle-class voters.

This year looks very different for Arce. He is experiencing significant wear due to accusations from Evo’s faction, which blames him for all the atrocities they themselves committed for over a decade. Not to mention the dire state of the economy.

All polls show that Arce Catacora is down and out, not only as President but as a candidate. His only way out is to mimic Maduro’s coup, ensuring that the Electoral Authority and the Constitutional Tribunal declare him the winner, regardless of the vote count.

Turning to opposition candidates, let’s remember that in the 2020 election, Carlos Mesa did not make an effort to win over the emerging middle class. Luis Fernando Camacho outright rejected them. The result of that neglect and division was the election of Luis Arce Catacora.

Currently, two opposition candidates are well-positioned to win over the decisive vote of the emerging middle class—provided they know how to leverage their respective strengths. These two candidates are Samuel Doria Medina and Manfred Reyes Villa.

Samuel can win over the emerging middle class by offering a comprehensive program of training and financing to help them become successful small entrepreneurs.

Samuel has been doing this for many years on a smaller scale. He has the training, experience, and capital to expand this offer to the swing voters who could give him victory.

Manfred Reyes Villa has years of delivering public works in the poor neighborhoods of Cochabamba, where those projects have helped him win over a large MAS-affiliated sector. Fearing this support, several opposition candidates claim that Manfred is a MAS puppet.

They fail to realize that their accusations convince masistas and ex-masistas that Manfred is not part of the arrogant elite but rather on the side of the people. This popular sector will never vote for those who openly despise them.

No doubt, Manfred (like other opposition candidates) has had to make greater or lesser concessions to the MAS in order to survive decades of judicial persecution. That strategy does not mean that Manfred now believes it is in his best interest to board the MAS’s sinking ship.

It’s absurd to accuse any politician who is not an idiot of jumping onto a ship that is going under. The proof? During his campaign, Manfred will eloquently denounce the atrocities committed by any MAS candidate who has held government office.

For his part, Tuto Quiroga enjoys overwhelming support from the middle and upper classes in all of Bolivia’s cities. At the moment, he does not seem interested in courting the emerging middle class. He could win in the first or second round if he is the only strong opposition candidate and if the MAS vote is split among several contenders.

If the unity bloc’s poll or a possible primary does not favor him, Tuto may still choose to run. In that case, some of his voters might abandon him for dividing the opposition vote. These are two high-risk bets.

Voters can wait for the unity group coordinated by Mesa to select a candidate through a poll. Once that name is determined, an open primary could be proposed. All registered voters, whether opposition or masista, could choose from all candidates who have put themselves forward.

Marcelo Claure could be invited to finance this primary, which could be conducted via a digital application on our cell phones, as proposed by Amparo Ballivián. This primary could produce a single MAS candidate and a single opposition candidate.

Looking back at MAS candidates, Andrónico Rodríguez is the best example of someone on the rise socially, economically, and politically. The emerging middle class easily identifies with his successes.

Unless Evo opposes him and presents his own candidate, Andrónico could also attract Evo’s voters, who still see him as a top coca growers’ leader.

Another advantage of Andrónico is his youth, which allows him to win over a significant portion of the third of voters who were born or were 15 years old around 2006 when Evo took office.

Any of Samuel, Tuto, or Manfred reaching the second round would mean a victory. Most voters who oppose the MAS are expected to back any candidate facing a masista in the runoff.

A factor adding to the uncertainty is which of them, if elected President, will have the economic expertise and the political guts to enforce the inevitable belt-tightening against the fierce opposition of a MAS enraged by the loss of its spoils.

The electoral roulette is spinning wildly. We can all bet on the winner, hoping that the country doesn’t end up as the loser.

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