MADIDI: Study establishes “incompatibility” of mining with the category of Park or Natural Area | Estudio establece “incompatibilidad” de la minería con la categoría de Parque o Área Natural

By Mery Vaca, Sumando Voces, Luz Mendoza, Eju. tv:

Madidi: A study by the Ombudsman’s Office establishes “incompatibility” of mining with the category of Park or Natural Area in all analyzed cases

The current Bolivian regulations allow mining in protected areas, provided that related environmental standards are met and that mining does not affect the protection objectives of the area.

A report by the Ombudsman’s Office titled “Our Home Without Rights,” referring to Madidi Park, indicates that in all analyzed cases, there is incompatibility between mining activities and the category of National Park (NP) and National Integrated Management Area (ANMI). The analyzed cases total 61.

“Madidi NP–ANMI: all the Certificates of Compatibility of Uses (CCU) reviewed by the Ombudsman’s Office indicated the incompatibility of mining in both the National Park category and the Natural Integrated Management Area,” concludes the report, which was presented this week.

This means that mining activities cannot exist in Madidi, except in cases of so-called preconstituted areas, that is, those that existed before Madidi was declared a National Park.

However, the report states, “the number of preconstituted mining areas within Madidi National Park is significantly smaller compared to the number of mining contract applications seeking to establish operations in this protected area.”

In 2022, the Administrative Jurisdictional Mining Authority (AJAM) reported 195 mining contract applications in Madidi, compared to 31 preconstituted rights. In 2023, the same institution reported “an absolute restriction on processing mining areas within Madidi National Park, as well as the initiation of a comprehensive analysis of the mining applications, including the evaluation of the Certificates of Compatibility of Uses issued by the National Service of Protected Areas (SERNAP).”

The Ombudsman’s report includes a table with 61 mining cases incompatible with the park, based on SERNAP information.

“As evidenced, the mining contract applications under Law No. 535 within Madidi National Park, whether located in the NP or ANMI category, or even in any zones established in the RGAP (General Regulations of Protected Areas), are incompatible with mining activities. In other words, the technical criteria provided by SERNAP and the Protected Areas Directorate indicate that no new mining activities can be established within Madidi National Park,” states the document accessed by Sumando Voces.

The current regulations allow mining in protected areas, provided that related environmental standards are met and the mining activities do not affect the area’s protection objectives. One of the requirements established by the regulation is the Certificate of Compatibility of Uses (CCU), a technical document issued by SERNAP that spatially determines the compatibility of a specific Activity, Work, or Project with the creation objectives, management tools, categorization, and zoning of a protected area.

However, despite the explicit prohibition of mining activities in the park, the reality is that they exist, and far from being an invisible activity, they are carried out with large amounts of machinery, personnel, and even armed individuals, according to the same report.

Quoting SERNAP, the document states that “there has been an increase in the number of people interested in mining exploitation within Madidi National Park, a situation evidenced by the number of individuals appearing at protected area offices, the increase in machinery entering the park, as well as the rise in fuel brought into the area.”

Nevertheless, SERNAP reportedly admitted that “its actions have been overwhelmed by the social mobilization accompanying the entry of machinery into the territory.”

Madidi National Park, established in 1995, is home to significant biodiversity due to its variety of ecological zones, ranging from 6,000 meters above sea level in the Apolobamba mountain range to the Amazonian lowlands at 300 meters. Within this protected area, over 9,000 species have been identified, including 40% of the country’s plant species, 48% of butterfly species, 50% of vertebrates, and 71% of bird species, according to the Ombudsman’s document.

“A Mirage of Development”

The report highlights that mining presents itself “as a mirage of development for families” in Madidi. However, “the potential impacts of open-pit mining combined with the effects of mercury use in alluvial gold extraction are not evaluated.”

It adds that the living conditions of indigenous and peasant families in Madidi are precarious, with limited access to sustainable development plans for improving health, education, communication, and dignified housing, among others.

The report also warns of armed individuals “positioned at the entrances to territories where mining takes place, restricting free movement, indicating a weak presence of competent authorities to exercise control and oversight.”

The document further cautions about the effects of mining on human rights, the rights of Mother Earth, and the environment in general.

It calls for the prohibition of mercury use in gold mining within protected areas and offers recommendations for authorities to develop policies addressing this issue.

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