Bolivia’s deep energy crisis | La profunda crisis energética de Bolivia

By Álvaro Ríos, Brujula Digital:

We are only seeing the tip of the iceberg regarding the deep energy crisis in which Bolivia is immersed. I have called it “the Bolivian energy black hole.” A black hole is a finite region of space described in Einstein’s equations, the interior of which has a concentration of mass high enough to generate a gravitational field such that, except for a certain type of quantum processes, no particles or radiation – or not even light—can “escape” from it. That is, it devours or transforms everything in its vicinity.

I make this note to make an analogy with the very complex energy situation that is looming in Bolivia. Energy begins to devour the scarce existing dollars and deteriorate the economy and transform many economic, social and political aspects in the future.

We are moving from being a large energy exporting country with high income to being a large energy importing country with high subsidies. For several years, an unusual income was received from exports of natural gas, condensate and LPG from reserves discovered approximately 25 years ago. Diesel imports were very small. The average energy trade balance between 2012-2015 was positive 4,365 MMUSD per year.

In the future we have a negative average projected energy trade balance between 2023 and 2030 of 3,362 MMUSD per year. To the already large imports of diesel and gasoline, those of LPG will be added very soon, and by 2028/2029, those of natural gas. All of the above with an average price of 85 USD/barrel. That is to say, at the rate we are going, by 2030 a large percentage of the energy consumed by the country will be imported.

Remember, that exports leave a 32% HDI tax, which in future zero production will be zero. The same happens with the 11% royalties and other taxes that will become zero. The situation is complicated when subsidies on average vs. International imported prices are close to 60%.

They did not want to recognize themselves and even worse, do what had to be done. For more than a decade we knew that the discovered fields were beginning to decline and that we would lose export capacity and then imports would come. It was not understood that importing a barrel of oil into Bolivia costs 30 USD/barrel in addition to the price on the coasts of neighboring countries. We import at 85 USD/barrel while we pay 27 USD/barrel for what is produced in the domestic market. An economic aberration.

Through all possible channels since 2013 I have asked that we create a new legal framework that allows private capital to explore and replenish reserves in order to continue exporting and not having to import. They responded to us that there was a sea of ​​gas, that YPFB was the force that moved Bolivia, that we were the energy exporting heart of Latin America and with countless exploratory plans. Time proved me right and that is how we arrived where we are, moving from exporting country to energy importer.

The Bolivian energy black hole began with the approval of Law 3058 (2005) and the approval of a flat HDI of 32%, without considering that this was a first brake on future exploration and that it constituted a change to the rules of the game and legal certainty. Then came the famous nationalization (2006) that again changed the rules of the game with forced takeover of companies, new conditions in contracts for exploration and basically gave YPFB the entire responsibility for new exploration. A statist and businessman State.

Well, now that the need for a new hydrocarbon regulation that generates private investment in exploration is recognized, we find that in the same spheres of government they are working on two fronts with different draft proposals. It doesn’t seem appropriate to me and I will continue looking for an explanation.

*Former Minister of Hydrocarbons of Bolivia and current managing partner of Gas Energy Latin America.

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