The importance of agreeing | La importancia de pactar

By Manfredo Kempff, El Deber:

From the very first day of its government, the spearhead of the MAS was to attack democratic freedom. Their main target was what they called “pact democracy,” portraying it as a group of inefficient parties that divvied up power like in a lottery to take advantage of state resources and forget about the needs of the people. Certainly, at that time, the democratic process was not at its best. Commodity prices were in a dire state, and there was significant poverty in the national coffers. However, institutional integrity was respected, and governments changed periodically according to the Constitution.

The beginning of the institutional period didn’t bode well because Hernán Siles Suazo’s UDP failed to reach a parliamentary agreement. With a minority in Congress, they couldn’t fulfill their extensive electoral promises. On the contrary, they were overwhelmed by workers and left-wing groups who had voted for them. Faced with absolute chaos, Siles was forced to resign a year before completing his term.

In the 1985 elections, General Hugo Banzer of ADN came first, closely followed by Paz Estenssoro of MNR, and in third place, Paz Zamora of MIR. Estenssoro, the runner-up, was elected president thanks to MIR votes and had to accept the dire situation left by his predecessor. To make matters worse, tin prices plummeted, leading to layoffs in mines with severe social consequences. MIR distanced itself from MNR, and it was then that General Banzer, without any resentment, signed the Pact for Democracy with Estenssoro. This agreement allowed the president to obtain the necessary majority in Parliament to implement his new economic policy and the approval of Decree 21060. Although detested by the left, that decree, where the best economists of ADN also participated, was a lifesaver. In summary, if Estenssoro hadn’t received Banzer’s support, he would have suffered the same unfortunate fate as Siles.

It doesn’t seem rational for Arce Catacora’s spokesperson, Mr. Jorge Richter, to have written an extensive note in El Deber, where, despite his sincerity and courage in declaring the MAS’s “Process of Change” as agonizing and stating that its cycle is coming to an end, he grossly errs by affirming that: “… it was the Paz Estenssoro-Hugo Banzer pact (that) initiated a construction of political alliances that shaped, towards the end of its validity, a State of marginalization, abuses, incorrect political representations, and unacceptable economic, social, and political exploitations.” We don’t understand what the spokesperson means, who is heroically defending Arce Catacora and all the baggage of corruption, fraud, inefficiency, mockery of the Constitution, and vulgar waste that comes with it.

It must be remembered that in every democracy, there are pacts, alliances, because that’s its essence. There’s no democracy without pacts. Only, of course, in one-party popular democracies, which had a heyday in Soviet Europe last century and now continue in Russia and China. The MAS hasn’t made any pacts with anyone; it has told the whole world that it’s the largest party Bolivia has ever seen, that it doesn’t need allies. But now it’s orphaned, split in two, and today, no serious political party finds it attractive. “Pact Democracy” (capitalized as MAS likes it) has been inevitable and necessary because ideological tendencies were scattered, without the convergence of a sufficiently strong popular party to win an election. Instead of thwarting the constitutional process, other notable alliances were formed, such as Banzer and Paz Zamora’s in 1989, which eased left-right enmity, ended hatred, and governed well and without abuses, despite the country’s poverty. Banzer, a great conciliator throughout his democratic life, when he came to power in 1997, had the support of almost 80% of parliamentarians, much greater than any congressional backing Evo Morales boasts about. Was it wrong for Banzer to forge alliances with the majority of parties with parliamentary representation? What was the crime in seeking alliances?

What Richter writes justifies the poor governance of the MAS and suggests that if there were a shift towards the nonexistent “right,” it would result in an “involutionary regression” that would push the country back into social and political injustices. It’s very difficult to accept a worse situation than what we’re already in, and in terms of justice, this government, both Morales’s and the current one, have been nothing short of primitive. It’s impossible to imagine greater mediocrity in the cabinet, parliamentarians, diplomats, public servants, and Mr. Richter must be one of the few MAS figures who know this because he sees it every day. We cannot affirm what will happen until next year’s elections, but if it’s mentioned that “pact democracy” was devoted to job distribution, we’ll say that at least it wasn’t just one boss and one party taking over the entire state administration or demanding political affiliation from those seeking employment, as has happened with Evo Morales, Arce Catacora, and the MAS.

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