Bolivian fraternity has vanished | La fraternidad boliviana se ha esfumado

Ronald MacLean-Abaroa, Brujula Digital:

(Dis-united) Census and Social Decapitalization

The customary ‘Census 2022’ took place two years later, and nobody knows for certain the reason behind the forced delay. But as it’s said about statistics – much like with bikinis – they show a lot, but not the most important. The Census 2024 will not reveal the extent of social de-capitalization that our poor country has reached.

If we trust in its integrity, it will show us how many we are, where we are, and the degree of comfort in which we live (measured by the physical facilities within our reach), as well as contributing to measuring growth or lack thereof, in quantitative terms.

However, it will not measure the “de-consensus” that troubles us, the discontent that embitters us, the disrespect that governs us, the unhappiness that overwhelms us, the immense social de-capitalization that Bolivia has suffered, supposedly in pursuit of precisely the opposite: the conquest of sociability, harmony, respect, consideration, courtesy, good treatment… in short, social harmony.

Bolivians have lost respect, consideration. We have lost precisely the elements that democracy is made of. And not only in Bolivia but also where the ideology of class struggle has been installed, of the “dictatorship of the proletariat”; where tyranny has been adopted and accepted as a possible form of government, in the name of sociability, of “liberty, equality, and fraternity,” as proclaimed by the French Revolution in 1789.

But democracy cannot exist without social capital, that is, in a society at odds with itself. Without social empathy, without affective bonds, without a common collective identity, without respect, without charity, without solidarity, without sociability. So, socialism has turned out to be the antithesis of its name. Its “brand,” its denomination is the great deception. The lie. Because internal, fratricidal struggle does not produce fraternity.

I was fortunate to study at Harvard with Professor Robert Putnam, who practically coined the concept of “social capital.” As a result of his extensive research to discover the cause of inequality between northern and southern Italy, he identified that the strength of northern Italy was given by the density of its social bonds. That is, the capacity of its inhabitants to associate, collaborate, tolerate, and above all, to support each other in times of need. In short, their ability to build dense, strong, and lasting social networks. Which leads to strong solidarity and consequent fraternity, that is, social “brotherhood” among its inhabitants.

Apparently, southern Italy lacks these characteristics, where ironically the “mafia” culture prevails, so well known and associated with organized crime and “socialist” political prevalence.

A recent book by Putnam summarizes the phenomenon of “social de-capitalization,” entitled Bowling Alone (Jugando bolos, solo). The study portrays the new post-industrial society, a product of rapid urbanization during the last century in the US. The breakdown of the family nucleus, the uprooting from the local or homeland, and the increasing migration have produced the uprooting that once brought society together around common traditions and cultures, values, or common religions/ideologies.

Malcolm Gladwell, in his work Outliers or the story of successes, rather refers to an exception in American society and tells us how the exceptional longevity of a small community of Italian immigrants in New Jersey explains their success based on the coexistence of three generations under one roof. An extreme of fraternity where grandparents, parents, and grandchildren live together, and where closely linked relatives and neighbors collaborate, support, and sustain each other. That is social capital.

Unfortunately, in the last 18 years, Bolivia has suffered the greatest social de-capitalization in its history. It has lost much of its coexistence, tolerance, respect, and consideration. In short, Bolivian fraternity has vanished.

The 2001 Census left the seed of Bolivian social disarticulation by depriving us of our social category of mestizos, which we all are, as well as Bolivians. The illusion of fraternity, of “social capital” promised by socialism, has failed. It is a false illusion.

Today, on the contrary, developed and democratic countries measure the degree of happiness of their societies, the degree of development rather than that of growth, and leave the usual statistics to only measure the latter.

Ronald MacLean is a professor, former mayor, and former State minister.

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