International organizations have equal or greater responsibility when approving loans to fulfill electoral promises | Los organismos internacionales tienen igual o mayor responsabilidad al aprobar créditos para pagar promesas electorales

Gonzalo Colque, Brujula Digital:

Indebting oneself to kick the can down the road

Among the loan agreements granted by international organizations to the national government, one stands out for its high amount. Recently, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) disbursed $500 million to finance the “Support Program for Vulnerable Populations Affected by COVID-19 II.” The loan conditions establish a grace period of 10 years, a repayment term of 23 years, and a variable interest rate (SOFR rate). In other words, Bolivia will have to start repaying the loan around the year 2035 and fully settle it by 2058.

The financing is intended for two specific expenses. The first is the so-called “Hunger Relief Bonus” of 1,000 bolivianos, approved during the first year of Luis Arce’s government. The second is for the Dignity Income, which benefits individuals over 60 years old. The details of this debt are quite striking and help to understand the delicate situation of the national economy and the role of international organizations.

Firstly, the IDB finances an expenditure executed before the contract was signed. Decree 4392, approving the hunger relief bonus, was signed on November 13, 2020, and the expenses were executed in the first half of 2021. Although this regulation indeed indicates that financing will be processed through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development of the World Bank and the IDB, the fact is that the payment for the bonus was made from public funds. Apparently, the government would not have engaged in irregular conduct by borrowing money for a closed expense because, in the end, the IDB authorized the retroactive payment at the time of signing the agreement. The issue lies in whether it is right to incur debt to replenish an executed expense and whether it is justified to finance it. Why use the guise of a social program and reimbursement when in reality the funds are freely available?

Secondly, the other half of the financing ($250 million) allocated for the Dignity Income only amounts to one-third of the annual budget that the government needs to fulfill this obligation. Originally, the law establishes sources of financing for the bonus as 30% of the Direct Tax on Hydrocarbons (IDH) and dividends from state-owned enterprises. However, the IDH is declining, state-owned enterprises are deficit-ridden (except for one or two), and the beneficiary population keeps growing. The law does not provide for paying the income with external debt. Additionally, the IDB would have to finance a similar amount each year if the intention were to sustain the Universal Elderly Income Fund.

These facts explain why public protest against the government’s economic policies is growing. Many of us reproach the use of public funds to fulfill electoral promises such as the hunger relief bonus, but we also overlook that international organizations have equal or greater responsibility in approving loans to fulfill electoral promises. It is understood that international organizations exist to promote development programs and not to assist politicians in trouble for having promised expenses without real backing. On paper, the processes of evaluation and approval of loans look flawless, so one would think that there are filters and quality controls to detect any conflict of interest. The underlying problem is that financing the current economic measures exacerbates the Bolivian economic crisis.

As is public knowledge, the government is desperate to sign more and new loan contracts with international organizations. Obviously, their purpose is to sustain the unsustainable: fuel subsidies, frozen exchange rates, declining oil revenue, dollar shortages; in short, the fiscal deficit.

Consequently, the financing granted by international organizations is supporting the continuation of these policies, whose negative consequences are only being postponed. Kicking the can down the road is not the best option for Bolivia, but the government obviously prefers that a thousand times over because it is not willing to bear the political cost that any economic adjustment would entail.

Indebting oneself to cover past expenses is already a problem in itself; the other problem lies in financing the postponement and exacerbation of the economic crisis.

We have been falling until we hit rock bottom

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