High restriction on freedom of expression | Alta restricción a la libertad de expresión

Journalism under multidimensional violence

In Bolivia, restriction on freedom of expression is high

CHAPULTEPEC INDEX.

En Bolivia restricción a la  libertad de expresión es alta

“Bolivia gets worse in 2023.” With that phrase begins the executive summary of the Chapultepec Index for the last year referring to the country and which is titled “Journalism under multidimensional violence.” This barometer, which measures institutional actions on freedom of expression and the press in 22 countries in the Americas, indicates that Bolivia has fallen from “partial restriction to high restriction,” after the closure of the newspaper Página Siete, physical attacks on journalists, the judicialization of cases and cyberbullying.

In the comparative table it has fallen from 16th place to 18th place among the 22 countries analyzed, with a score of 33.88 compared to the 42.72 it obtained last year. Below Bolivia are only Guatemala, Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua. These last three countries, according to the index, do not have freedom of expression.

Regarding Bolivia, the report indicates that “the deterioration of the conditions of the exercise of freedom of expression and of the press has followed a negative and alarming trend under contexts of increasing violence, permanent threat, coercion and persecution of journalistic work from the constituted powers that be and their allies.”

Adds that “stigmatizing speeches, threats, judicial actions and acts of violence against journalists are part of the strategy of the State, its associates and irregular groups in search of a gradual silencing of questioning voices and warnings against the corruption, the violation of fundamental rights and crime.”

And, among the examples of this situation, cites the closure of the newspaper Página Siete, which occurred on June 29 of this year. “Along with the official advertising blockade, these operations have led to the closure of one of the country’s main print media and the dismissal of several journalists,” says.

The Chapultepec Index is prepared by the Inter-American Press Association (IAPA), which, in turn, is an organization made up of more than 1,300 print media, television stations, radio stations and digital natives, as well as press associations, service provider companies and individuals.

The report was presented a week ago and, on this occasion, it cites among its sources the 2022 Situation Report, from the Unitas network, which was published in July of this year.

POLITICAL CONTEXT

The report states that Bolivia has faced an economic crisis in the last year, a division of the ruling party for leadership and has been the scene of a fight by social, political and civic sectors against the abuse of power. These aspects “have generated the conditions conducive to exercising multiple violence against those who work to inform,” the report indicates.

The document indicates that “the police action has permanently committed abuses, or has remained indifferent – like the judicial body – in the face of physical and verbal attacks from sectors related to the MAS (arcistas or evistas) directed towards journalists or media.”

And the report cites a new element: the attack from cyberspace, which includes cyber boycotts of independent information sites, strong threats and stigmatization and hate campaigns against journalists, disinformation and constant harassment by digital warriors.

THE CASES

The report points out the most relevant cases, which are the following:

Political pressures and economic and tax enclosures: “The closing of one of the newspapers critical of the government, due to threats, tax coercion and financial asphyxiation has deteriorated the dangerous scenario through which Bolivia today drops places in the index of freedom of expression and of the press.” Also cites the case of the newspaper Los Tiempos.

Kidnapping of journalists in Las Londras: “So far there have been no sanctions of any kind; the main accused were acquitted.”

Acts of physical violence against journalists: In the 28 days of civic strike in Santa Cruz, at least 20 cases of violence against journalists were recorded. In demonstrations in La Paz, journalists were also attacked.

Cyberbullying: Cites the 1,600 accounts dismantled by Meta and a report by Chequea Bolivia that shows the negativity of messages against journalists on social networks.

Judicialization of cases against journalists: Lists cases of judges who asked journalists to reveal their sources and even cases of journalists who were arrested. (Brújula Digital/Sumando Voces)

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