By Tanya Imaña, El Deber:

Todo lo que debe saber del Leopardus Tilcayo

Bolivia Discovers a New Wildcat Species, Leopardus tilcayo

Leopardus tilcayo was identified through genomic studies and has been recorded in the Yungas. Researchers warn about the threats facing its habitat

Bolivia has a new species of wildcat recognized by science. It is Leopardus tilcayo, a small feline recorded in the Yungas whose identification was made possible through genomic studies that revealed evolutionary differences from other tiger cats in South America.

The discovery, published in the scientific journal Current Biology**,** is considered significant by researchers because, they noted, it had been nearly a century since a new cat species had been described.

The research began with a specimen that arrived at the Senda Verde wildlife sanctuary between 2017 and 2018. Its appearance raised questions among scientists because of several differences compared with tiger cats known from other regions.

Todo lo que debe saber del Leopardus Tilcayo

Paola Nogales, a biologist specializing in genomic evolution, explained that the Bolivian specimens display particular characteristics, including larger spots, a fuller tail, and some differences in body size.

Initial genetic tests produced unusual results, prompting the team to expand the study. Beginning in 2020, Nogales and biologist and PhD in Ecology and Evolution Enzo Aliaga worked on the molecular analyses, and an international team later joined the research.

The researchers compared complete genomes from tiger cats in Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.They also used samples preserved in museums, some of which had been collected decades ago.

The results determined that the Bolivian lineage constitutes a different species and that it diverged evolutionarily from other tiger cats approximately 1.4 million years ago. “If you look at them morphologically, they are quite similar, but genomically, when you look at their DNA, they are quite different,” Nogales explained.

Leopardus tilcayo is smaller than a domestic cat, has rounded ears, a long and bushy tail, and a spotted coat. So far, it has been recorded in the Yungas of La Paz.

Identifying it can be difficult because it belongs to a group of very similar felines. Even camera traps can cause confusion with species such as the margay, which shares part of its habitat.

For this reason, researchers plan to continue using genetic tools, camera traps, and DNA analysis from feces collected in the field to determine its distribution and presence.

It is still unknown how many individuals exist in Bolivia, what their habits are, or what their reproductive characteristics are.

Todo lo que debe saber del Leopardus Tilcayo

DNA studies were conducted on tiger cats from different countries

A Conservation Challenge

The discovery also raises concern about the condition of the forests where the feline lives. Researchers identify deforestation, burning to clear land for cultivation, and the expansion of gold mining in the Yungas region as threats.

Aliaga said that protecting the new feline also means preserving its habitat and the species that form part of its diet.

The scientific identification will allow Leopardus tilcayo to receive its own conservation-status assessment. Nogales explained that, because the species was only recently distinguished, it will be necessary to determine its threat category based on specific information about its populations and distribution.

The study also highlights the need to strengthen scientific research in Bolivia. Aliaga and Nogales said that part of the work was financed with their own resources and that they relied on support from the genetics laboratory of the Institute of Chemical Research at the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés.

For the researchers, the discovery demonstrates that Bolivia still has much to uncover and that understanding its biodiversity is essential to protecting it.

Todo lo que debe saber del Leopardus Tilcayo

DNA studies were conducted on tiger cats from different countries

A Wildcat

Physical Characteristics

Smaller than a domestic cat, with a bushy tail, rounded ears, and a spotted coat.

Habitat

Forests of the northern and southern Yungas in the department of La Paz. Further research will determine its distribution.

Scientific Name

Leopardus tilcayo belongs to the tigrinus complex.

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