By Francesco Zaratti:

La Paz, September 6, 2026 – For some time now, Bolivia has been suffering from a chronic fuel shortage, with diesel being the most critical case. This raises an essential question: what is the government’s plan—if there is one—to solve this enormous challenge?

The Reality in Numbers

A set of key data helps us understand the magnitude of the problem:

  1. External Dependence: Bolivia produces only 10% of the diesel it consumes.
  2. Consumer Sectors: According to the National Institute of Statistics (INE), the main diesel consumers are transportation (80%), agribusiness (15%), and mining (5%).
  3. Subsidies and Market Distortions: Traditionally, governments have subsidized diesel, keeping its domestic price artificially low in an effort to contain living costs. This results in a drain on foreign currency reserves and fuels widespread smuggling to neighboring countries.
  4. Economic Impact: The direct consequence is chronic shortages at fuel stations, hampering the country’s most important productive sectors, particularly mining and agribusiness.
  5. Institutional Crisis: The state-owned company YPFB is effectively bankrupt, burdened with debts exceeding US$1 billion to suppliers, while also suffering from high levels of inefficiency and corruption.

The Government’s Strategy: When Prudence Becomes Paralysis

The measures implemented by the state have been partial, insufficient, and erratic, largely because they prioritize excessive gradualism in the face of a crisis that demands immediate action.

  1. Domestic Production and Investment: Increasing domestic diesel production requires significant investment in exploration and extraction, financed by risk capital that YPFB simply does not possess. Attracting foreign investment would require regulatory reforms and stronger legal certainty, both of which are constrained by the current Constitution. In short, no short-term solution is in sight.
  2. Energy Transition: Expanding the use of electricity—preferably generated from renewable sources—can only partially address fuel demand in transportation, agricultural machinery, and mining operations.
  3. The Gordian Knot: There is broad consensus, both within the government and among citizens, that fuel subsidies are the root cause of the problem and must eventually be eliminated. The dilemma lies in how to do so without triggering social unrest and within what timeframe.
  4. The Gradualist Approach: The government plans to eliminate fuel subsidies entirely beginning in January 2027, aligning diesel prices with international market levels adjusted to the official exchange rate of the national currency.
  5. The Transition Limbo: However, four months remain before 2027 arrives. During this transition period, fixed and differentiated prices continue depending on the type of consumer, while more than 80% of diesel consumption remains heavily subsidized. Yet the endless lines and persistent shortages continue unabated.
  6. Intervention in YPFB and the ANH: Deep government frustration over inefficiency and corruption in the imported fuel supply chain has led to the intervention of both YPFB and the National Hydrocarbons Agency (ANH). The objective is to dismantle corruption networks embedded within these institutions and restore integrity to the logistics chain. The government has presented concrete evidence—not merely suspicions—of discretionary diesel quota allocations, manipulation of computerized control systems, and internal sabotage by officials linked to the previous administration.
  1. Outlook: Ultimately, these interventions seek to optimize fuel supply during the remaining months of the transition period, while subsidies are still partially in place, until a new pricing and commercialization regime is established—one that is expected to be managed by private companies. The great unanswered question remains: Will they succeed?

Best regards and good health,

Francesco

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