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Spider Monkey Declared Endangered in Bolivia as Baby Trafficking Continues Unabated

The spider monkey or marimono (Ateles chamek). | Social media

The spider monkey, or marimono (Ateles chamek), Bolivia’s largest primate, was reclassified this year from Vulnerable (VU) to Endangered (EN) in the latest edition of the Red Book of Bolivian Vertebrates. While scientific evidence points to an increasingly critical outlook for the species, victims of illegal wildlife trafficking continue to mount.

In less than a week, two baby spider monkeys arrived at the Senda Verde wildlife refuge in Coroico, in the Yungas region of La Paz. Although they were rescued in different locations, two additional reports have surfaced, meaning that within fewer than ten days, four infant monkeys may have fallen victim to wildlife trafficking—a crime punishable under Bolivia’s Environmental Law (Law 1333) and Supreme Decree 4489, which regulates measures for the welfare, conservation, and protection of wildlife.

An Increasingly Threatened Species

The 2026 edition of the Red Book notes that the marimono has moved from the Vulnerable category, where it remained from 1996 to 2009, to Endangered status in Bolivia, matching its classification on the global list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

The assessment warns that populations of the species have declined by at least 50 percent over the past 45 years and are expected to continue shrinking unless major threats are reduced. These include habitat destruction caused by wildfires, deforestation, road construction, mining, agricultural expansion, hunting, and the capture of wild animals as pets.

Experts note that the marimono has an extremely low reproductive rate. Females reach sexual maturity between four and six years of age and typically give birth to only one offspring every three to four years. As a result, populations require decades to recover from hunting or removal from the wild.

Two Baby Monkeys Rescued in Two Days

One of the most recent cases occurred in El Alto, where a baby monkey less than three months old was found abandoned inside a fabric pet carrier, exposed to the harsh temperatures of the high-altitude winter.

In another rescue, Vicky Ossio, co-founder of Senda Verde, reported that an even younger spider monkey was delivered by park ranger Marcos Uzquiano of the Beni Biological Station. This infant weighs only 900 grams, while the monkey rescued in El Alto weighs 1.5 kilograms.

For Ossio, both rescues highlight the ongoing damage that wildlife trafficking is inflicting on Bolivia’s biodiversity.

“We rescued another baby, even smaller, and we have reports from Rurrenabaque and San Ignacio de Moxos. They are wiping out the spider monkeys,” the environmentalist warned.

Ossio also reported recent cases involving the trafficking of capuchin monkeys in the Beni region, confirming that illegal wildlife trade networks remain highly active. The decline of the marimono is already visible in the field.

“Tour guides in San Buenaventura and Madidi say they no longer see them. Last year alone, we received nine baby spider monkeys from that area,” Ossio lamented.

The Hidden Cost of Keeping Wild Animals as Pets

The Red Book identifies the keeping of wild animals as pets as one of the most destructive threats facing primates and other wildlife. To capture an infant, hunters typically kill the mother as she attempts to defend her young, meaning that every trafficked baby usually represents the death of at least one adult animal.

Beyond the pet trade, subsistence hunting remains active in several regions. Recent seizures and rescues provide real-world evidence of the factors that have pushed the marimono onto Bolivia’s list of endangered species.

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