By Gonzalo Chávez, Brujula Digital:

While the country sinks into the darkest depths of crime news and political squabbling, the economic and social crisis advances quietly. Every morning brings a new episode: accusations, mysterious cars, celebrity advisers from nowhere, fiery censures accompanied by tears, bedroom disputes, allegations and counter-allegations of every kind. A remarkable national reality show.

The small problem is that, while we argue about who said what, who bought what, who slept with whom, whose child might be whose, and who should resign, the economy keeps working. And lately, it has been working against us. That is what the Central Bank of Bolivia’s Second Quarter 2026 Inflation and Monetary Policy Report tells us. A diagnosis that is unusually blunt.

In both the short and long term, Bolivia is actually facing three simultaneous crises: a foreign exchange and currency crisis, a crisis of the growth model, and a social crisis, to mention only the most important ones and make the most of the limited space in this column. Of course, I have not forgotten the environmental, institutional, political, ethical, and other crises. Surely someone more qualified than I am can delve deeper into those issues. But let us focus on our subject: the economic and social crises.

The first major warning sign is the recession. Bolivia is now experiencing its third consecutive year of economic contraction, and for 2026 estimates place GDP decline between -3.3% and -3.6%. We are not facing a simple cyclical cold: the old economic engine has run out of fuel—literally and metaphorically. Excluding the recession caused by the COVID pandemic in 2020 (-8.8%), this would be the sharpest decline since the mid-1980s, specifically 1982 (-3.9%) and 1983 (-4.0%).

For years, growth was driven by two major engines: gas revenues and public spending. The first lost power as gas production declined; the second continued operating through growing fiscal deficits and money creation. Now both engines are exhausted, and a third one—based on private investment, non-traditional exports, and productivity—has yet to emerge with sufficient strength.

It is like discovering, halfway down the highway, that the car had two engines and both were being held together with fiscal duct tape.

The second concern is inflation. We closed 2025 at 20.4%, the highest level in three decades. For 2026 there is a curious range of forecasts: from roughly 9% to more than 20%. In other words, there are projections to suit every taste. One of them will surely be right.

Behind this technical debate lies a much less amusing reality: inflation is the most regressive tax that exists. Those who hold dollars, property, or financial assets can defend themselves. Those who earn in bolivianos and spend much of their income on food simply watch their salary grow thinner without ever needing a gym membership.

And here one of the paradoxes of stabilization appears. A more restrictive monetary policy—such as increasing reserve requirements—can help reduce inflation, and it is necessary. But if the dose is excessive in an economy already in recession, we may end up celebrating slower price increases while sales, production, and employment also decline.

Patient stabilized. Economy sedated.

The third crisis is probably the most troubling because it occurs far from press conferences: social deterioration.

Some celebrate that Bolivia maintains a relatively low unemployment rate. Wonderful. There is only one small detail: in an economy where around eight out of ten urban workers are informal, losing a job does not necessarily mean becoming statistically unemployed. More often, it means selling something on the street, driving a taxi, working fewer hours, or accepting any activity that allows survival.

Thus we have a uniquely Bolivian statistical marvel: quality employment can fall without unemployment rising much. Citizens are worse off, but the indicator maintains its good manners.

The truly dramatic figure lies in incomes. Since 2019, real labor income has reportedly lost approximately one-third of its purchasing power. Nominal wages may even have increased, but what matters is not how many bolivianos appear on the paycheck, but how many kilos of meat, rice, bread, or medicines can be purchased with them.

And all of this ultimately flows into the variable that should concern us far more than the political scandal of the week: poverty.

In 2025, poverty reached approximately 44.7% of the population and, depending on inflation’s behavior, could range between 46% and 50% in 2026. We are potentially talking about between five and a half and six million Bolivians living below the monetary poverty line.

That is why the economic debate cannot be reduced to a fight between those who want adjustment and those who do not. Adjustment is inevitable because the fiscal, monetary, and exchange-rate imbalances accumulated over years are also inevitable. The real discussion is how, when, and who pays the bill.

Monetary discipline is needed, yes, but accompanied by a credible fiscal rule. Fuel prices that are currently administered need to be adjusted gradually, while providing targeted protection to those who genuinely need assistance.

International reserves must be rebuilt and external financing recovered, but conditions must also be created for investment, production, and exports. We need to formalize the economy without committing the bureaucratic genius of killing the informal worker first and then congratulating them for registering with the tax authorities.

Above all, we need credibility. Economic credibility is not built by announcing every week that everything will be wonderful next quarter, nor by buying an electric Audi. It is built by setting reasonable goals and achieving them. As the conclusion of the Central Bank of Bolivia’s document reminds us, it is better to consistently meet modest objectives than to announce spectacular goals that later become part of the nation’s vast collection of good intentions.

Meanwhile, we can continue to be fascinated by crime stories, the car of the week, the adviser of the month, and the political fight of the day. As the wonderful Diablada Chiru Chiru says: “Keep feeding the fire, fireman. Keep feeding the fire.” The economy will not be offended; it will simply keep sending the bill.

Stay strong, devils!

Gonzalo Chávez is an economist.

Leave a comment

Visit us using the links above / visitenos usando los enlaces de arriba:

Facebook: more content in Spanish / más contenido en español.

We are also in / También estamos en: Instagram, X