The State facing the moment of truth | El Estado ante la hora de la verdad

By Oscar A. Heredia, El Diario:

Bolivia can borrow time, but it cannot borrow the future.

There are moments in the life of a country when a crisis stops being merely a crisis and becomes a question. I believe Bolivia is living through one of those moments.

The dollar is rising, prices are moving, and people feel that their money no longer goes as far as it once did. Producers calculate carefully before investing. Merchants do not know how much it will cost to replace tomorrow the goods they sell today. And families are doing whatever they can to protect their incomes.

But behind all this lies a deeper question: Do we have a State prepared to lead the new cycle Bolivia needs?

For many years, Bolivia had an important source of dollars: natural gas. That reality has changed. Production has declined, international reserves have weakened, and the country has begun to struggle to generate the foreign currency it needs.

But the problem did not begin when the dollar rose. It began much earlier: when we stopped generating enough dollars and failed to build new sources to replace them in time.

We knew gas would not last forever. We knew that an economy dependent on a few sources of foreign currency is vulnerable. Yet we were unable to build an alternative in time.

That is why what we are experiencing is not merely an exchange-rate crisis. It is also a crisis of foresight.

And this is where the discussion stops being only about a government. It becomes a discussion about the State. A State does not exist merely to manage good times. It must also prepare for when those good times end.

A boom should be used to transform the economy and prepare for the future, not merely to meet present needs. A State is judged not only by how it manages abundance, but also by how it prepares when abundance comes to an end.

Today Bolivia is going through an exchange-rate transition. Greater flexibility gives the market a larger role in determining the price of the dollar and allows the Central Bank to intervene when disorderly movements occur.

But this must be said clearly: exchange-rate flexibility does not create dollars. It may help organize the market and acknowledge reality, but it cannot replace production, exports, or investment.

When the dollar rises, we are not talking about just a number. Costs rise. Producers who need machinery, spare parts, fertilizers, or imported inputs pay more. Merchants who must replenish their inventories do too. And eventually, that pressure reaches consumers.

People do not live by asking what the exchange-rate regime is. People live by asking how much it costs to get by.

In this scenario, financing from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) enters the picture. It can help strengthen reserves, reduce pressure on the foreign-exchange market, restore confidence, and facilitate access to other international resources.

It can give us something Bolivia urgently needs: time.

But time, by itself, solves nothing. It is an opportunity. And that opportunity comes with conditions: putting public finances in order, reducing the deficit, improving debt sustainability, and advancing monetary and exchange-rate reforms.

That can be positive if it helps correct imbalances accumulated over years. But poorly designed adjustment can hurt household finances, hit the most vulnerable sectors, and slow investment and economic activity.

Therefore, the discussion should not be reduced to “IMF yes” or “IMF no.” The real question is different: What are we going to do with those resources, and how are we going to manage the conditions attached to them?

Because a loan can buy time, but it cannot buy transformation.

Putting the economy in order is necessary. But putting it in order does not simply mean cutting spending. It means spending better, reviewing where public money is going, correcting what does not work, and protecting what can generate production and employment.

For too long, we confused spending with transformation. They are not always the same. A State can spend a great deal and transform very little. It can manage a boom without preparing for the day after. It can obtain loans and, a few years later, face the same problems again.

A responsible State must have the ability to decide what must change, what must be corrected, and what can no longer continue operating in the same way.

And there is something we cannot forget: an economy cannot be stabilized by destabilizing society.

The State cannot limit itself to reacting. It must look beyond the emergency. The true capacity of a State is demonstrated when it can anticipate change, prepare alternatives, and make decisions before a crisis forces it to do so.

The State should not merely be the firefighter who arrives after the fire has started. It should also identify where a fire might begin and act beforehand.

That is one of the great lessons of this crisis. Bolivia does not merely need to solve today’s problem. It needs to learn how not to arrive late every time.

We need a State that thinks beyond the next government and has the ability to build policies that survive political cycles. Politics often thinks about the next election. The economy needs to think about the next generation.

We must produce more, export more, and attract investment. We must make better use of mining, lithium, agribusiness, tourism, new energy sources, and the knowledge economy. But we also need strong institutions, clear rules, and legal certainty.

The State cannot do everything. But neither can it stand on the sidelines. It must lead, regulate, and create the conditions for progress.

The real challenge is not merely to obtain dollars. It is to create the conditions to produce them again.

We can obtain financing, organize the foreign-exchange market, and adjust public finances. But if, in the end, we do not produce more, export more, and generate new sources of foreign currency, we will have done nothing more than buy time.

And here we reach the hour of truth. Not only for a government. For the State.

Because a crisis can be a tragedy if it merely forces us to endure. But it can also be an opportunity if it forces us to change.

The question is no longer simply how much the dollar costs. The question is what kind of State we want to build so that the price of the dollar stops determining the fate of our families, our producers, and our country.

Ultimately, the future is not something we wait for. It is something we build. And building it requires looking beyond the emergency, making decisions before it is too late, and thinking about the country we will leave to the next generation.

This, ultimately, is the hour of truth for the State. Not because Bolivia is going through a crisis, but because now we will see whether we are capable of learning from it.

We can borrow time.

But we cannot borrow the future.

The author is a political and economic analyst and former Rector of UMSA.

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