By Erbol:

Researcher on Mercury Pollution: “We Have the Tools to Hold the State Accountable”

During the presentation of the book Mercury and Health in the Bolivian Amazon, its author, researcher Roger Carvajal, emphasized that the publication provides scientific tools to hold the State accountable for mercury contamination affecting the health of Indigenous communities and caused by gold-mining activities.

The scientist, head of Biomedicine and researcher at the Health Diagnosis and Research Laboratory Service (SELADIS) of the UMSA, explained the objective of the book presented during the second half of July, highlighting that it is supported by rigorous scientific research, data, and statistics.

“The objective is to provide scientifically grounded tools generated by academia to communities and organizations that defend the environment, so they can challenge the State on documented and critical grounds. Until now, these effects have often been denied, and with this work we are demonstrating that there is indeed harm and damage,” Carvajal stated.

Documented Impacts

The book constitutes an unquestionable scientific instrument regarding the impacts of mercury used in gold mining, one that challenges the State and demands effective action.

Carvajal also stressed the effects of mercury exposure on populations living along the banks of the Beni and Madre de Dios rivers, downstream from mining operations where mercury is used. He underscored the importance of having well-supported research and using it to demand effective action from government authorities.

“It is now documented, and this is the moment when we have the tools to question and hold the State accountable so that it does what it must regarding those responsible for the contamination,” he said. (See: “After El Dorado”: Devastation and Crime Continue in the Amazon, 04/03/22 ANA).

Headaches, skin irritations, nausea, vomiting, memory loss, inflammation, genetic damage (damage to DNA), as well as harm to the brain, stomach, and liver, cardiovascular risks, and neurological disorders, among other consequences, are linked to the consumption of food—particularly fish—contaminated with mercury.

For his part, Tito Estévez, Vice Rector of the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), who participated in the book presentation, emphasized the need to disseminate these studies and take a more active role in protecting vulnerable populations.

“As an academic institution, we cannot remain indifferent. It is urgent to disseminate these rigorous studies, promote debate, and assume an active role in protecting the health of our Amazonian populations and their ecosystems,” he stated.

Mercury and Health in the Bolivian Amazon is divided into two sections. The first provides context on the mercury problem in the Amazon, as well as the resources employed and the results obtained. The second section is more technical, while remaining accessible and rigorous, offering graphs, diagrams, and statistical tables.

Expectations Regarding UMSA Research

On the occasion, Carvajal acknowledged that mining facilities also exist near reservoirs such as Hampaturi and Incachaca, which supply water to the city of La Paz and neighboring municipalities. He emphasized the need for thoroughly documented analyses to be conducted soon.

“We know there are complaints, but they must be documented. Several institutions are already working on this, nearly all of them from UMSA—the Institute of Ecology and the Institute of Sanitary Engineering. We hope they can do so as quickly as possible,” he said.

Journalistic investigations based on multiple complaints confirmed the existence of mining installations (mine shafts and machinery) only a few meters from the Incachaca and Hampaturi reservoirs, potentially causing water contamination in the area. Authorities from different levels of government have visited the sites to assess the situation. (See: Mining Installations Just Meters from the Incachaca Reservoir That Supplies Water to La Paz, 27/09/25 ANA; Former “Solución” Mine in Hampaturi Continues to Generate Water Contamination, 11/02/26 ANA).

The fieldwork received support from the Toxicology Institute of the University of Cartagena, the Documentation and Information Center Bolivia (CEDIB), and the National Coordinator for the Defense of Indigenous, Native Peasant Territories and Protected Areas (CONTIOCAP).

In this regard, the research demonstrates that the effects of mercury exposure are alarming and have significant implications for public policy: “Nine out of ten women showed total mercury concentrations in hair above 1 part per million (ppm), and seven out of ten exhibited levels associated with cardiovascular risk.”

It was also observed that “cases with the highest mercury levels displayed a troubling laboratory profile, consistent with liver and kidney impairment, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hematological alterations, with particular emphasis on anemia.”

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