The Origin of the Gran Poder Festivity | El Origen de la Fiesta del Gran Poder

By Vision 360:

The Lord of Great Power: The Story of the Colonial Painting That Gave Rise to One of Bolivia’s Largest Festivities

The image of the “Three-Faced Jesus,” an 18th-century sacred artwork, arrived in the Chijini neighborhood in the 1920s as part of a religious dowry. Devotion to the image led to the construction of the Lord of Great Power Sanctuary and shaped a history of faith, tradition, and neighborhood disputes.

Un fraterno saluda al Tata del Gran Poder en la Promesa, realizada el 26 de julio. Foto: APG

A member of a fraternity greets the Tata of Great Power during the Promesa ceremony held on July 26. Photo: APG

The history of the Lord of Great Power Sanctuary, located on Gallardo Street in La Paz, is closely linked to an 18th-century colonial painting that arrived in the Chijini neighborhood—today known as Gran Poder—in the 1920s and eventually became the centerpiece of one of Bolivia’s most important cultural and religious expressions.

The artwork, known as the “Three-Faced Jesus” or Jesus of the Holy Trinity, is considered part of Bolivia’s national heritage. Created by an anonymous artist and believed to belong to either the Cusco or Potosí school of art, it represents the mystery of the Holy Trinity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit embodied in a single figure. According to the tradition preserved by the sanctuary, the painting was produced in the 18th century and belonged to the Carrión family.

When the daughters of the Carrión family entered the Order of the Conceptionist Nuns, the painting was given as part of the dowry that families traditionally provided when a young woman entered religious life. However, when the convent relocated to Miraflores in the 1920s, the nuns disposed of several possessions, including the painting. It eventually came into the hands of one of the family’s servants and later reached the Chijini neighborhood.

Fray Marcelo Ramírez Simón of the Lord of Great Power Sanctuary explained in 2024 that, in its early years, devotion to the image was entirely a neighborhood initiative. Local residents organized the first celebrations, purchased the land where the sanctuary now stands, and built an initial structure to protect the image.

“It was an expression of faith born entirely from the neighbors,” Ramírez said, recalling that the Catholic Church became involved later as devotion grew and increasing numbers of worshippers began visiting the area.

In 1928, the Diocese of La Paz promoted the construction of a new church on Max Paredes Street, where the painting was transferred. The move sparked a dispute between residents of the Gran Poder and Max Paredes neighborhoods, who for years contested ownership of the image. Tensions eventually led to clashes between the two communities.

Devotees visit the Tata of Great Power one day before the folkloric parade.

In response, residents of the Gran Poder neighborhood made personal contributions to build their own church and keep the image in the area where devotion had originated. Between 1943 and 1948, they constructed the church now known locally as the “old temple,” which in 1986 was officially designated the Lord of Great Power Sanctuary.

Another episode left a lasting mark on the history of the image. Due to popular interpretations of the three faces of Jesus, Church authorities identified practices they considered inconsistent with Catholic doctrine. According to Ramírez, some people associated the right face with personal requests, the central face with benevolent intentions, and the left face with petitions for revenge.

As a result, in 1930 the Church ordered the painting to be altered by covering the two side faces, transforming the original representation of the Holy Trinity into the image of the Lord of Great Power that worshippers venerate today.

Devotion continued to grow alongside the folkloric celebration. In 1974, the Association of Gran Poder Folkloric Groups was founded to organize the annual parade, which now brings together thousands of dancers and musicians each year.

In 1984, the temple’s history was marked by tragedy when parish priest Miguel Silva was murdered inside the church during a robbery. The crime led the Archdiocese of La Paz to temporarily close the temple and transfer religious activities to the church on Max Paredes Street.

Two years later, in 1986, the doors reopened under a new status: the church ceased functioning as a parish and was declared the Lord of Great Power Sanctuary. “A sanctuary is a church built around a patron, whether a saint, the Virgin Mary, or a particular devotion to Jesus,” Ramírez explained.

Today, the sanctuary’s activities revolve primarily around the Gran Poder celebration. It participates in the pilgrimages of the fraternities, the promises made by dancers, and the main festivities, where a replica of the painting accompanies the parade route because the original work is considered national heritage and requires special conservation measures.

The sanctuary is sustained through its own resources, including collections, religious services, and contributions from worshippers, fraternity members, and institutions. With outside support, restoration and maintenance work is carried out to preserve a space that brings together history, faith, the identity of La Paz, and one of Bolivia’s most renowned cultural expressions.

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