The Energy Race Bolivia Doesn’t See | La carrera energética que Bolivia no ve

By Oscar Antezana, El Dia:

The Chiru Chiru and the Race Bolivia Doesn’t See

Is Bolivia ready, or will it miss the train once again? While Bolivia’s energy debate still revolves around natural gas, the rest of the world is already competing for a far more strategic resource: electricity. Not just any electricity, but abundant, affordable, and reliable power capable of fueling the most important technological revolution since the Industrial Revolution: artificial intelligence (AI).

Economic history shows that great powers never emerged by chance. Britain dominated the 19th century thanks to coal. The United States built its leadership on oil and hydropower. Today, the new source of power is the electricity that runs data centers, supercomputers, and AI systems.

Most people associate AI with programs like ChatGPT. Yet behind every response lies a vast computing infrastructure that consumes enormous amounts of energy. The real bottleneck is no longer only advanced microchips, but the electricity required to run them. June Yoon, the Financial Times’ investment editor for Asia, captures this shift with a warning that should resonate with any government: artificial intelligence has moved from being constrained by chip availability to being constrained by power supply. A single model such as GPT-4 can consume energy equivalent to the annual usage of roughly 35,000 American households. And that is only one model.

Global electricity demand is rising at a pace few anticipated. Thousands of new data centers are being built across the United States, China, Europe, and Asia to support the AI boom. The implications are clear: countries capable of producing large volumes of clean, competitive energy will attract billions of dollars in investment, while those that cannot will be left behind in the knowledge economy. Bolivia still has time to decide which group it wants to join.

Yet in Bolivia, no meaningful reform bill or economic strategy has even been presented. Instead, the government spends its time pleading for dialogue, waiting, and making daily announcements, while other politicians—provincial in outlook and lacking a national vision—argue over whether a native of Santa Cruz or Cochabamba should chair the board of ENDE, the state electricity company. Meanwhile, China is adding renewable energy capacity at an unprecedented pace and strengthening its technological leadership. The United States is accelerating investments to ensure electricity shortages do not slow AI development. Even attracting data centers, something that seemed far-fetched just a few years ago, is becoming a realistic possibility. Chile is already moving in that direction. Malaysia is as well. Other Latin American countries are actively competing.

This transformation is also reshaping the strategic significance of lithium. For years, it was discussed as a potential source of wealth. Today, its importance is even greater because AI, transportation electrification, and energy storage are driving a surge in global battery demand. But simply possessing lithium is no longer enough. Investors will favor countries that can offer abundant electricity, modern infrastructure, clear rules, legal certainty, and efficient processes. If Bolivia fails to create that environment, lithium will remain another missed opportunity while other nations capture the real value added.

Bolivia still possesses extraordinary resources: sunlight, water, lithium, and the space to build a new energy-based economy. But this window of opportunity will not remain open forever. Major economic revolutions do not wait for those who hesitate. It happened during the Industrial Revolution. It happened during the digital revolution. It could happen again with artificial intelligence.

Bolivia has no national strategy to respond to this new reality; in fact, it seems to have no strategy at all. The discussion should no longer focus solely on generating enough electricity to meet domestic demand. The real challenge is turning energy into a competitive advantage—one capable of attracting industry, driving lithium industrialization, developing new manufacturing supply chains, and securing a place in the global digital economy. That means generating dollars—lots of dollars—and taking a step into a new era.

Today, talking about these issues may sound unrealistic, even demagogic, because Bolivia’s situation is so deteriorated and so little is being done beyond making announcements. There is some truth to that perception. Yet a remark by French President Emmanuel Macron feels more relevant than ever: “We must be bold enough not to assume that decline is inevitable… The spirit of defeat does two things: you get used to it, and you stop fighting.” Bien dit—well said.

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