San Juan Celebrated with Traditions That Unite Families and Bring Prosperity | San Juan se celebra con tradiciones que unen a las familias y traen prosperidad

By Deisy Ortiz, El Deber:

San Juan se celebra con tradiciones que unen a las familias y traen prosperidad

One of the most anticipated celebrations is the patron saint festival in Porongo, where baptisms and processions are part of the program. / Photo: EL DEBER

The festival revives traditions centered around fire, water, and spending time with loved ones. In rural areas, rituals such as bathing in rivers, cattle branding, and hair-cutting ceremonies continue. In Porongo, people also walk across hot embers.

For Hilda Suárez (58), talking about San Juan means returning to her childhood, when the cold June weather brought families together around bonfires and the coldest night of the year became a celebration filled with traditions.

Although lighting bonfires is restricted in cities due to environmental concerns, rural communities still preserve customs involving fire and water to attract prosperity and good health.

Hilda points out that in many provinces, the eve of San Juan remains one of the most eagerly awaited celebrations of the year.

Days before the festival, families gather firewood for the bonfires, around which neighbors and relatives meet to share food and company. In some places, gatherings include hot sucumbé, chorizos, and other traditional foods that help people cope with the low temperatures.

The traditions continue at dawn on June 24. In many communities, one of the first activities of the day is bathing in the river. This custom is linked to the belief that the water is blessed because the celebration honors Saint John, who baptized Jesus.

Residents believe that the cold water does not make people sick and, on the contrary, helps strengthen their health.

In the Chaco region, the festival is also closely tied to cattle ranching. San Juan is celebrated through cattle-branding events, during which producers and their families gather at the corrals to identify and mark livestock.

The work lasts throughout the day. While handling the cattle, a cow is slaughtered to prepare a communal barbecue. Some families preserve ancient practices of giving thanks to the earth by burying the animal’s entrails or blood beneath a stone placed in the corral as an offering to request prosperity and a productive year.

Preparations begin a week in advance by gathering cattle from the fields and moving them to the pastures.

Children also take part in the celebrations. On the night of June 23, they build small corrals out of sand. The next day, they examine the footprints left behind. According to tradition, these tracks reveal which animals will thrive or which products will be abundant during the year.

Alcira López recalls that in Tarija, children eagerly awaited the celebration to laugh at the new haircuts of younger children and participate in playful pranks that were part of the festivities. Although many of these customs have disappeared, she says they are still preserved in some provinces.

“In the cities, bonfires are no longer allowed, although many families keep the spirit of the celebration alive with artificial bonfires,” she explains.

She notes that water also plays a special role in San Juan celebrations. Before sunrise, mothers and grandmothers would enter children’s bedrooms carrying a glass of water. While invoking Saint John’s name, they would splash water on the children’s faces, waking them with a start amid the laughter of the family. This tradition remains alive in rural areas, where many people also bathe in rivers, streams, or lagoons.

The custom is connected to an old popular belief: bathing or getting wet on San Juan helps strengthen health and ward off illness throughout the rest of the year.

Another eagerly awaited tradition was the tiliada, in which children received their first haircut.

For the occasion, their hair was braided, and a gathering of relatives, godparents, and friends was organized. Each person granted the privilege of cutting a lock of hair was expected to leave money or a gift. After the tiliada, the celebrations would begin. According to tradition, cutting and washing one’s hair during San Juan helps prevent hair loss and promotes growth.

On the eve of San Juan, many people strengthen friendships by jumping over the bonfire while holding hands. Others believe that if they make a wish, it will come true.

In Porongo, the celebration is especially significant because it is the town’s patron saint festival, featuring baptisms, processions, and the traditional walking on hot embers.

ORIGIN OF THE FESTIVAL

San Juan is celebrated every June 24 to commemorate the birth of Saint John the Baptist, a central figure in Christianity known for baptizing Jesus in the Jordan River. The date was established six months before Christmas because the Gospel states that John was born six months before Jesus.

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