Economic Language and Public Perception | Lenguaje económico y percepción ciudadana

By German Huanca, Urgente.bo:

Macroeconomic figures have a dangerous characteristic: they can be technically correct yet politically lethal when communicated without context. Bolivia’s new government learned that lesson the hard way, and the cost has been paid in credibility, becoming part of the narrative sustained throughout the 50 days of protests.

Shortly after taking office, Minister of Economy Gabriel Espinoza and Minister of Hydrocarbons Mauricio Medinaceli announced that eliminating fuel subsidies would generate savings of US$10 million per day. The figure is technically impeccable. In the language of economists, “fiscal savings” means that the State no longer incurs that expense, whether in cash outlays or through a reduction in the fiscal deficit. What it does not mean—and this is where the problem lies—is that those resources accumulate in some readily available account. In practice, the government simply stopped financing that subsidy through external debt and/or international reserves; the dollars do not appear as a new balance anywhere. However, in the collective imagination of Bolivians, if US$10 million is being saved every day, then the month should end with US$300 million sitting somewhere. And since no one explained where that money was, the popular conclusion was inevitable: someone stole it. That narrative spread widely on TikTok, YouTube, and Facebook, and became a central argument among those promoting the road blockades.

The same thing happened with the presidential announcement regarding salary reductions for ministers and for the president himself. The US$370,000 per month in “savings” that was publicized is real from an accounting standpoint, but it does not constitute freely available resources either. It is a voluntary adjustment to current expenditures, not a fund that can be mobilized for investment or to meet other obligations. The announcement sounded like a gesture of shared sacrifice, but it also opened another account that citizens will eventually expect to see settled.

The same risk confronts Santa Cruz Mayor Mamen Saavedra with the 120–130 million bolivianos he has projected as the result of rebalancing municipal finances. In a context of declining IDH revenues, the public does not analyze fiscal management; it focuses on the number and, sooner or later, will demand to know what was done with it.

The underlying problem is not the inaccuracy of the data but the absence of translation. Saying “fiscal savings” without explaining that it means “we stopped spending through debt financing” or “we reduced the deficit by that amount” is technically correct and informationally useless. The gap between economic language and citizen language does not close on its own; it requires intentional, timely, and educational communication.

The recommendation is straightforward: before announcing any figure, the Ministry of Economy and Public Finance, as well as any other government agency, should evaluate not only its technical accuracy but also the narratives that figure may enable in public opinion. A number that cannot be explained afterward should not be announced beforehand. Figures that have no visible owner eventually acquire an imaginary culprit.

(*) Economist; former Vice Minister of Strategic State Planning.

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