Omereque’s Hidden Legacy | El legado oculto de Omereque

By Los Tiempos:

Rock Paintings and Millennia-Old Vestiges: The Hidden Treasure of Omereque

South of Cochabamba, in the town of Omereque, the majestic flight of the Red-fronted Macaw (Ara rubrogenys), an endemic and endangered species, has become the region’s main tourist attraction. But it is not the only treasure this territory holds. Around the Mizque River, rock paintings and ancient ruins remain almost in silence, safeguarding a millennia-old heritage that still has much to tell. For archaeologist Ricardo Céspedes, this legacy could become a key opportunity for cultural tourism.

Céspedes, who has worked in the area since the 1980s, maintains that Omereque is one of the most interesting regions in the country in archaeological terms because of the variety of pottery, rock paintings, and architectural remains it contains.

“The importance of Omereque begins with archaeology. Back in 1982, the Omereque culture was already described and its potential was reviewed, uncovering numerous rock paintings, such as representations of camelids in the Ventanas sector, and in Pukara, near the community of San Carlos, where the iconography allows us to understand how these cultures developed,” Céspedes stated.

Among these manifestations, amphibians stand out, whose presence in the rock paintings reveals the deep knowledge these cultures had of their environment. According to Céspedes, these animals played a substantial role in anticipating natural cycles. “When many frogs or toads appeared concentrated in one place, they knew there would be no rain; on the other hand, when they did not see them, it was a sign of a good season.”

This behavior, he explains, responds to the dynamics of these species themselves: during dry periods they gather in humid areas, while in rainy seasons they disperse. And this knowledge was recorded in images “that can be found all along the Mizque River.”

Tunas M’oko and Pukara, the Essential Archaeological Route

Tunas M’oko is one of the key points for understanding Omereque’s past. This site of ancient stone walls is located on a hill near the community of San Carlos, seven kilometers southeast of the town. The fortress, one of the best preserved in the region, forms part of the Red-fronted Macaw Community Natural Reserve, which hosts the largest breeding colony of this endemic and critically endangered Bolivian species.

This combination makes the place a mandatory stop: those who arrive attracted by birdwatching can also access a highly valuable archaeological site where nature and ancestral memory intertwine.

“Thanks to the work of Asociación Armonía, the ecological importance of the place began to be appreciated and this cliff was identified. From those efforts it was consolidated as a natural park that houses a key archaeological site: Tunas M’oko, a ruin that has still not been intervened,” Céspedes commented.

According to the Archaeological Guide of Omereque, written by Céspedes together with Armonía, at the summit of this ancient site “there are remains of constructions and room foundations, with few cultural remains being found, which suggests that this fortress was only used when invasions from other ethnic groups occurred in the region. (…) Storage silos and agricultural terraces were built there, allowing the refugees to survive for several months when besieged by enemies entering through the banks of the Mizque River.”

Another fundamental point on this route is Pucara Hill, located on the northern bank of the Mizque River. There, ceremonial constructions, residences of important figures, and, in the southern sector, rock paintings of lizards, human figures, and stars in crimson red, dark red, and orange tones can be observed, broadening the understanding of the symbolic universe of these cultures.

The “Magical” Relationship Between Willca and Omereque Pottery

“One of the most interesting things that happened in Omereque was the use of Willca,” said Céspedes, explaining that it is a plant whose seeds have hallucinogenic properties and that, during the Omereque period, was used in religious rituals to establish contact with the gods. “This, for example, is reflected in the snuff spoons they used to consume this powder,” he added.

The use of Willca was not exclusive to this region. Its presence extends from Argentina to the Orinoco as part of ritual practices in different cultures. However, in Omereque this element acquires particular relevance because, according to Céspedes, it could be linked to the polychrome and abstract character of its pottery, possibly influenced by the hallucinogenic experiences associated with this plant.

The Bet on Knowledge Tourism

Currently, the flow of visitors in Omereque is concentrated on birdwatching. However, Céspedes proposes expanding the offer toward a form of knowledge tourism that integrates the archaeological, natural, and cultural richness of the territory. “The most important thing is for everything to become known,” he stated.

This approach, according to Céspedes, would make it possible to diversify tourism activity and generate new economic opportunities for local communities, especially in contexts where agriculture is not constant.

“For example, there is a plant that was used to make spoons. We can take advantage of these resources so tourists not only gain access to environmental conservation, but also to products that are forgotten today. Based on archaeological information, it is possible to recover this knowledge and turn it into an opportunity to attract tourism and generate income.”

To achieve this, he concludes, it is essential to strengthen awareness about the value of heritage: “We want the people of Omereque themselves to embrace their culture.”

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