Judith Gonzales: Kewiña Woman | Mujer de kewiña

By Nicole Laura, Erbol:

Kewiña Woman: The Story of a Rural Leader Who Plants Forest and Dignity

Judith Gonzales López, in the kewiña forest of Tunari Park. Photo: Eneida Zurita (Armonía)

It was a July afternoon in 2008 and Judith Gonzales López, 19, was carefully cleaning her “bosses’” desk. The room was packed with books that she lifted one by one to dust them off. Suddenly, a small text about potato cultivation caught her curiosity. When she opened it, she saw drawings about the diseases of the tuber and, for a few minutes, she abandoned her present.

Time was not the only thing she forgot: she also forgot it was Wednesday, the day the “bosses” were home. Suddenly, someone walked in and a voice abruptly pulled her out of that brief moment.

“You are on work hours, you cannot be reading. I do not pay you for that.”

Judith listened in silence and said nothing. She closed the book, put it back in its place, and continued cleaning.

“That day I felt that I was not even free to think,” she would say years later. That idea kept bouncing in her mind for several days, while she took refuge in a less painful thought: “at some point there has to be an opportunity for me, to move forward.”

A long time would pass before Judith found that opportunity.

Germinating amid adversities

In the Andes mountain range, the second highest chain after the Himalayas, the ancient kewiña tree, with its thick crown and chameleon-like trunk, grows against the current of extreme climates or difficult terrain. Its hallmark is resistance.

Judith, now 37, was born in Lajra Cueva, a community in the municipality of Tiquipaya, north of Cochabamba. However, it was between Thola Phujru and Totora, on the southern slope of Tunari National Park, where she spent most of her life with her parents and four siblings, surrounded by rivers, mountains, and kewiñas.

There, a small hut sheltered them from the cold or extreme heat. They cooked with cow dung, and, like many families in the area, survived on what the land could offer. They were dedicated to potato farming. And the girls and boys, who could only access education up to fifth grade, learned from a very young age everything related to field work.

Judith Gonzales López (JGL), with her family and two health workers in her adobe house with a straw roof in the community of Totora. Courtesy: JGL.

From those days, what Judith remembers most are the afternoons when, clinging to her little pickaxe, she accompanied her mother to till the land in the potato fields. She also recalls the times when her father taught her about the benefits of the kewiña while they planted them together on the riverbanks and on the upper parts of the mountains. Or her deep desire to study, finish school, go to university, and become a dentist.

However, in her village it was not very common for girls to go to school. Most families usually assigned them to household care, raising younger siblings, and cultivation.

Judith was twelve when, for the first time, she confronted that destiny that seemed reserved for the women of her community. At that time, the family truck, with which they marketed their potato production, had suffered two serious traffic accidents and the profits from the business had gone to hospital expenses and repairs of the vehicle, which had been left in tatters. There was no longer enough money to sustain studies.

Judith had no choice but to obey her parents’ decision and replaced school hours with caring for her younger siblings and house chores. However, at times, something inside her resisted accepting that unequal future.

“I remember that while I was cooking in the q’onchita with firewood, my brothers would start playing, and I would go out with them, I did not care whether the food was cooking or not.”

Judith Gonzales López, when she was 10 or 11 years old, with three of her siblings and her pet Dina. Courtesy: JGL

The days went by and the only thing Judith thought about was returning to school. Two years later, she was able to do so and despite her mother’s opposition she finished fifth grade at age 15.

“My mother did not want me to because I was the only girl, among eight boys in my class, who had entered to study fifth basic. I did not care whether I was the only one or not. The thing was to study. So I launched myself toward success and I finished it.”

But that joy was brief. Soon after, her mother became ill due to complications following the birth of her last pregnancy, and once again Judith had to put her dreams on hold. “We all started to work because we no longer had what to eat, we had almost nothing. The only thing I will never forget is that we did not lack dry wheat, broad beans, peas, corn, potatoes and chuño, because my father always planted and stored.”

Judith Gonzales López (JGL), with her father Andrés Gonzales in her family’s potato fields in the community of Totora (Cochabamba). Courtesy: JGL

In the midst of those responsibilities, her father assigned her another role: attending the assemblies of her village in his place. For Judith, that was not a minor thing. In those spaces, where decisions were made out loud and almost always by men, she barely dared to speak.

“At first I was afraid. I felt that I knew nothing. I went to the meetings and sat in a corner; I only said ‘present’ and nothing more. Sometimes, the community members even got upset. My mother was sick and, for that reason, they made me count. Many women were not made to count, unless they were alone. If their husbands delegated them, they still were not taken into account.”

But Judith, who from childhood had learned to resist, knew that this did not fit, that she had to do something to change that reality. “I thought: this cannot continue like this. We women have to educate ourselves a little more to be valued.”

Putting down roots in the city

There was a time when it was uprooted from the mountains and rocky ground. They made charcoal from its trunk. Then the earth lost its ally, the only one capable of retaining water even in the driest forests.

During that period scarcity was suffocating her home, and Judith thought that the only possible path out was to go to the city. So she came of age and left for the cement capital in search of better days for herself and her family.

“As I had stopped studying, I was frustrated, I had lost hope, so I said: I will go to the city, I will earn a little money, there will always be something.”

And yes, there was. A few days after her arrival, she found employment as a live-in domestic worker and nanny in a house near Jorge Wilstermann International Airport. There she came to know a world very different from hers.

“I took care of two girls and saw how they had everything, and how they did not value it. Inside myself I would say, those of us who do not have, we value, and those who have cannot value, why is life like this?, I asked myself.”

She also wondered whether her parents were in good health, whether the exhausting field days weighed more on them now that they no longer had her.

“How is my father managing alone? My mother must be herding her sheep all alone, I could be there, helping, that was what worried me most.”

That is how two years went by, between sporadic jobs and brief visits to her village. Meanwhile, one question drilled into her mind, especially when she saw her co-workers, also domestic employees, going to study in their free time: “When will it be my turn?” she asked herself.

One day she mentioned that concern to her boss and the answer did not please her at all. “She told me: what do you want to study for?, you are going to waste your time, I can enroll you in some pastry courses. And I asked myself, but what am I going to do with pastry? For me that was not the right answer, I wanted her to tell me, at night I will give you permission, you can go take classes.”

The first shoot of resilience

Its strength lives in its bark, an armor of layers that every so often undergoes a metamorphosis to protect it from cold, heat, or fire.

A few weeks later, what we already know happened: after the scolding she received for reading a book about potato cultivation during work hours, Judith resigned from that job and went in search of what she most desired: to study. She got a room under anticrético and enrolled in a night school in the urban area of Tiquipaya. “Her words hurt me so much, I mean one is not free of anything. If I were not here, this house would not be clean. I am leaving. How much am I even earning anyway, I said. A weekend came, I grabbed some of my little things and quietly left.”

Judith Gonzales López, in a community of District 3 of the municipality of Tiquipaya, taking the floor during a meeting. Photo: Armonía

She was without work for nearly a month. Then, between coming and going, she returned to her village and began to work in flower and fruit production — for which she earned between 5 and 10 bolivianos a day — and at night she attended classes.

Do men and women earn the same in the countryside?, I ask her.

No, they are still paid less. By day labor, a man is paid between Bs 100 and 120, and a woman, 20 or 30 bolivianos less, depending also on the awareness they have, she answers.

In communities such as Thola Phujru inequality between men and women becomes evident, above all, in agricultural labor. In these territories, rural women obtain between 60 and 70% of the day wage received by a man, despite both doing the same tasks, according to the study Sowing water to harvest life: community watershed management in Tiquipaya (Cochabamba) prepared by biologist and anthropologist Daniela Aguirre (co-author).

And this is not only a local reality: on a global scale, female labor in the agri-food sector earns on average about 18% less than male labor, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

Growing at a slow pace

It holds a Guinness record: it is one of the slowest-growing trees in the world, barely one centimeter per year.

Little by little, Judith was transforming. One day, almost without realizing it, she lost the fear of taking the floor in her community meetings, where almost always the care of water — a resource increasingly scarce because of climate change and agricultural expansion — occupied the center of discussions.

From that moment on, things began to align for Judith. She ventured into decision-making spaces and her leadership rose. First she was named Recording Secretary of her community’s women’s organization. Later she assumed the Executive Secretariat of the 13 de Agosto Subcentral and of the Provincial Central of Quillacollo, in Cochabamba, becoming the first woman to occupy that post. Between 2010 and 2013, she served as councilwoman of the municipality of Tiquipaya. And, in 2015, she was elected Submayor of District 3, a jurisdiction that covers five communities: La Phia, Cruzani, Thola Phujru, Totora, and Linkho Pata.

Judith Gonzales López, in her role as councilwoman during the honorary session for the anniversary of the municipality of Tiquipaya, in 2010. Courtesy: JGL

But none of those achievements came immediately; each one was conquered with patience and effort. Her growth was slow, due to a successive chain of misfortunes that delayed, but did not prevent, her from achieving what she had most wanted since she was a child: to study.

After two intense years as councilwoman, Judith finally completed high school at age 21. She then obtained a scholarship from the Bartolina Sisa Federation of Peasant Women to study Law at San Simón Major University (UMSS).

However, after three months, she lost that opportunity because of administrative problems. The educational unit where she finished secondary school misplaced her report cards and other documents, so she could not present her humanities high school diploma on time to the university.

Some time later, during a trip to Chile to participate in a gathering of Andean knowledge, she met people who encouraged her to study a career linked to caring for the land. Driven by that encouragement, she returned to Bolivia, took the Agronomy entrance exam, and passed.

However, her time at the university was full of interruptions. She had to step away several times to work and support her family, although she never stopped learning nor promoting community processes in her village.

Years later, with the financial support of Sonia Salas, director of Redar Peru, whom she met at an event in Chile, she was able to resume her studies with greater stability. She then held on to the university, advanced courses, and after research on medicinal plants of her community, presented a monograph that obtained 95 points, which allowed her to graduate as a higher technician in Agronomy.

Judith Judith Gonzales López, the day she defended her academic research and obtained 95 points, which allowed her to earn the degree of higher technician in Agronomy. Courtesy: JGL

Environmental leadership, the greatest fruit

Its roots advance in silence, anchor to the mountain and extend beyond what is visible, sustaining moisture, soil, and life.

Every decision-making space that Judith conquered, from community leadership to the Submayor’s Office, allowed her to consolidate her knowledge about water management and strengthen a deep conviction in defense of the environment.

“If we do not care for the environment, if we do not care for our water recharge zones, our water, what are we going to live on? That is where I say that the earth also has life like me. If we do not care for it, it will not be able to respond either. So we have to begin to care for it, because by it we live.”

Judith Gonzales López, participating in the course on watershed management for promoters and leaders of District 3 of Tiquipaya. Photo: Armonía

In those years, one of Judith’s most important contributions to water preservation was the formation and later unification of the Watershed Management Organization (OGC) 13 de Agosto, of District 3 of Tiquipaya, whose objective is to bring together the families of the 13 de Agosto Subcentral with public and private institutions to care for water, manage natural resources, and make decisions about the district’s three micro-watersheds.

Later, on August 6, 2016, a voracious fire devastated the community of La Phia in District 3. The inhabitants lost everything: their animals died charred and the crops were reduced to ashes.

But far from breaking, the community turned tragedy into a new beginning. Women and men organized to reforest the southern slope of Tunari National Park with kewiñas, kiswaras, and other native species.

They first did so through the Khora Tiquipaya Pedagogical Watershed, where Judith also participated, contributing the experience she had accumulated since childhood in working with land and water.

Women of various ages, in the community forest nursery of native plants of District 3, joining efforts to recover the forest in Tunari National Park (Cochabamba). Photo: Daniela Aguirre (Armonía)

Over time, the Association Armonía through the Tunari Program joined that community effort and helped consolidate it. Between 2020 and 2025, entire families planted more than one million seedlings of 12 native species, among them the kewiña, recovering not only the forest, but also the habitat of the Cochabamba Mountain Finch, an endemic bird of the region.

This process also transformed community life: many women assumed leadership roles in the nurseries, in decision-making spaces, and in fire brigades. Among them is Judith, who continued training alongside Armonía to confront fire, and working for the recovery of Tunari National Park.

Judith Judith Gonzales López, as squad chief in one of the community brigades against forest fires in the community of La Phia. Photo: Armonía

It is March 4, 2026, and the scene from 18 years ago is completely different. Judith Gonzales López no longer fears that someone will catch her reading during work hours. Today she works in a bright office as Community Watershed Management facilitator at Asociación Armonía. When she is not there, she carries her knowledge to other communities, like a kewiña seed that expands beyond its territory to return life to the forest and sow in other women the dream of a life without inequalities.

Judith Gonzales López, in one of Armonía’s offices in Cochabamba, performing her recent position. Photo: Marizol Huarachi (Armonía)

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