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By Carlos Lara, ANABolivia.org; Eju.tv:

The Bolivian River Dolphin: A Freshwater Treasure Struggling to Survive

This endemic cetacean mainly inhabits the basins of the Mamoré, Iténez, Tijamuchi rivers, and other Amazonian tributaries.

Source: anabolivia.org

La Paz, February 24 (ANA).– The Bolivian river dolphin (Inia boliviensis) is the country’s only endemic river dolphin. Unfortunately, it faces growing threats that endanger its survival; therefore, significant efforts are being made to protect it and ensure its permanence in Bolivia’s rivers.

This cetacean mainly inhabits the basins of the Mamoré, Iténez, Tijamuchi rivers, and other Amazonian tributaries. It can exceed 2 meters in length and weigh between 80 and 120 kilograms. Cranial and genetic differences clearly distinguish it from the Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis).

The bufeo prefers slow-moving waters, lagoons, and meanders. It is an opportunistic carnivore that feeds on fish of various sizes, crustaceans, and other aquatic organisms. It is considered a key indicator of river health, since its presence reflects the quality of the aquatic ecosystem.

Juan Carlos Gómez, PhD in Ecology, explains that the bufeo mainly interacts with:

• Prey: Characiformes (piranhas, pacús), Silurids (catfish), and Cichlids.

• Competitors: Giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) and piscivorous birds such as herons and cormorants.

• Parasites and symbionts: European studies (Wageningen University) have identified specific helminths and protozoa associated with the species.

However, its reproductive biology makes it vulnerable: gestation lasts between 11 and 12 months and only a single calf is born.

Bufeos in the Tijamuchi River of Beni Credits: Steffen Reichle

Shadows Threatening Its Aquatic Environment

Among the main threats facing the bufeo are incidental fishing, mercury contamination and solid waste pollution, as well as habitat degradation caused by dams, deforestation, and extractive activities. These factors fragment populations and limit genetic exchange.

The decline of these specimens may bring serious consequences. Gómez states that “the reduction of bufeo populations generates trophic imbalances in aquatic systems, such as the overpopulation of dominant fish, the loss of functional diversity, and serves as an indicator of environmental deterioration.”

Conserving It Means Protecting River Life

Gómez, a specialist in Natural Resource Management, Protected Areas, and Environment, maintains that conserving the bufeo requires a multidimensional approach:

Protection of critical habitats: Establish protected areas in the Mamoré, Iténez, and Abuná rivers, ensuring ecological corridors.

Sustainable water resource management: Evaluate dam impacts and promote less disruptive energy alternatives.

Population monitoring and bioindicators: Implement monitoring programs with participation from universities and local communities.

Education and culture: Strengthen recognition of the bufeo as biocultural heritage, integrating Indigenous knowledge and awareness campaigns.

International cooperation: Coordinate efforts with Brazil and Peru to protect transboundary basins and share scientific information.

Juan Carlos Gómez proposes actions to protect the bufeo

Currently, some organizations have developed various applications that allow the recording of sightings, presence of calves, and water quality, with voluntary contributions from fishermen and local community members. Additionally, satellite transmitters and scientific expeditions are being used to assess movements and populations, with the goal of strengthening conservation strategies.

The Law Seeking to Protect the Bolivian River Dolphin

Law 284, dated September 21, 2012, declared the bufeo or freshwater dolphin (Inia boliviensis) as Natural Heritage of Bolivia. Article 2 states that “The Executive Branch of the Central Level of the State, in coordination with the Autonomous Territorial Entities, shall prioritize the protection or conservation of the Bufeo or freshwater dolphin and its habitat through policies, programs, and projects in the short, medium, and long term.”

Today, the survival of the Bolivian river dolphin depends on joint work between science and society. Its protection guarantees the preservation of river life—heritage as rich as it is fragile within the Amazon.

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