Current X-ray of the Bolivian economy | Radiografía actual de la economía boliviana

By Francesco Zaratti:

In 2025, the Bolivian economy resembled a patient rushed into a hospital emergency room with multiple hemorrhages and a general condition of extreme anemia.

The main hemorrhage (let’s say in the stomach) was caused by the subsidized import of 90% of the diesel oil consumed, which came to represent two billion dollars (US$2,000 million). Another major hemorrhage was located in the legs (due to the subsidized import of 60% of the gasoline consumed), and another, smaller one, in the hand, the result of the smuggling of LPG cylinders to neighboring countries, where the price is up to four times higher than in Bolivia.

The emergency measures taken by the new government have been to stop the largest hemorrhage cold (diesel) through an adjustment to the international price. The result has been the total disappearance of diesel smuggling, which fed on the subsidy.

Something similar has happened with gasoline: although the price is still below the international level, the small difference is no longer an incentive for smuggling. Along with the gasoline adjustment, there has been an increase in the price of NGV (Vehicular Natural Gas), which remains cheaper than gasoline on an energy-equivalent basis.

What remains unresolved is the hemorrhage in the hand: it does not represent much in monetary terms, but it has a social impact, forcing families who use LPG into long lines or to repurchase at higher prices. Different procedures have been suggested to stop that hemorrhage, which the government will surely try out soon.

Meanwhile, the patient needs to recover; he needs blood transfusions, which are equivalent to the intervention of private capital in the commercialization of fuels. To facilitate that transfusion, Supreme Decree 5517 has been issued, seeking for private companies to take charge, even if only partially, of the import and commercialization of fuels.

For now, that measure, approved as exceptional and temporary (one year, renewable), may succeed (for diesel, not yet for gasoline, due to the partial subsidy that remains), but it must be supported by two conditions:

  1. stability of the exchange rate (so that importers can again purchase the volumes they sell), and
  2. stability of the international price of a barrel of oil (threatened by recurring geopolitical crises such as Iran, Greenland, the Middle East, etc.).

At bottom, albeit gradually and timidly, Bolivia is moving toward a market economy, the only one capable of pulling it out of the statist and populist hole in which two decades of MAS government kept it.

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