Pesticides and food, challenge health and food sovereignty | Plaguicidas y alimentos, desafío para la salud y la soberanía alimentaria

By Opinion:

Pesticides and food: an urgent challenge for health and food sovereignty in Bolivia

In Bolivia, the importation and use of highly hazardous agrotoxins continue to be allowed, many of which are banned in other countries due to their serious effects on human health and ecosystems.

Imagen referencial de alimentos agrícolas tratados con fungicidas y herbicidas. COMUNICACIÓN PNS
Reference image of agricultural foods treated with fungicides and herbicides. PNS COMMUNICATION

On January 7, 2026, the French government announced, through a decree published in its Official Journal, the suspension of imports of agricultural products treated with fungicides and herbicides whose use is prohibited in the European Union, as a firm measure to protect the health of its population and the environment.

In contrast, in Bolivia we continue to allow the importation and use of highly hazardous agrotoxins, many of them banned in other countries due to their serious effects on human health and ecosystems.

This reality not only contaminates soils and water sources, but also directly puts at risk the health of those who produce food and of those of us who consume it daily.

Various national studies warn about the persistent and uncontrolled use of prohibited or restricted pesticides. Research conducted by the Gabriel René Moreno University (Santa Cruz), the UMSA through the Toxicological Genetics Unit of the Institute of Genetics, the Bolivian Catholic University, and the GTCCJ shows that, in recent years, there has been a considerable increase in cultivated area associated with the intensive use of pesticides, mainly linked to the agroindustrial model.

According to data from the IBCE (2020) and foreign trade, the most imported pesticides in Bolivia are glyphosate, followed by paraquat, atrazine, and 2,4-D, among others. According to PROBIOMA, over the last twenty years the country increased its imports of agrochemicals by 500%, which demonstrates a growing and troubling dependence on external inputs in agricultural production.

Most alarming is that this increase in pesticide use does not translate into significant improvements in crop yields per hectare. On the contrary, it generates greater environmental impacts, soil degradation and desertification, as well as the incidence of diseases associated with exposure to these substances. Who bears the costs of this productive model? Producer families, the urban and rural population, and future generations.

Faced with this scenario, the country has a solid foundation to strengthen a model of sustainable and agroecological agriculture, driven by numerous producers in various regions, articulated in spaces such as the National Soil Platform. The successful experiences already in place demonstrate that it is possible to move toward healthier production systems that are respectful of the environment. In this context, agroecological food systems are projected as a real, viable, and strategic alternative to build a more just and sustainable food future.

Imagen referencial sobre una experiencia exitosa de agroecología. CORTESÍA
Producer Reyna Hinojosa, San Pedro de Buenavista – Potosí. COURTESY

Within this framework, the recent approval of the National Agroecology Strategy, through Ministerial Resolution No. 304 (September 2025), represents a key opportunity that must be assumed responsibly by decision-makers. Its implementation will make it possible to guarantee healthy food, produced in healthy soils, with clean water and uncontaminated seeds; in addition to promoting biodiversity, strengthening food security and sovereignty, facilitating access to fairer markets, and enabling subnational entities to design territorial policies, programs, and projects with an agroecological approach.

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