MAS’s Industrial Failures | Fracaso industrial del MAS

By El Deber:

Five State-Owned Companies Left $1.294 Billion in Damage and Never Industrialized Anything

Cinco estatales dejaron un daño de $us 1.294 millones y nunca industrializaron nada

Easba, Quipus, YLB, EBIH, and Yacana were created during 20 years of MAS government to generate surpluses and added value, but they operate at a loss, with high indebtedness and minimal production. They were sustained by loans from the Central Bank.

Five state-owned companies—Empresa Azucarera San Buenaventura, Quipus, Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos, Empresa Boliviana de Industrialización de Hidrocarburos, and Yacana—together generated economic damage of $1.294 billion to the State. Created during the MAS administration to “industrialize and generate surpluses,” they showed little profitability, high indebtedness, and scant productive impact. The new government labeled the companies “zombies” because they operate in technical bankruptcy.

A month and a half after taking the reins of the country, the economic team of President Rodrigo Paz produced an initial report on the situation of public enterprises created during the 20 years of administration of the Movement Toward Socialism. During this period, 67 companies were created, but only three report profits for the State treasury; the rest operate at losses.

But the most striking cases are the five companies mentioned in the opening lines of this report. On paper, all had the mission of generating surpluses and consolidating the country as an agroindustrial, textile, and technological production hub, but that never happened. EL DEBER accessed the public accountability reports of these companies, where the trail of the hemorrhage of resources can be traced.

San Buenaventura

Created in 2010 as a strategic public company, the Empresa Azucarera San Buenaventura (Easba) was born with an ambitious mission: to produce sugar, alcohol, and derivatives to strengthen the country’s food sovereignty. Fifteen years later, the Initial Public Accountability 2025 shows a company that operates, harvests, sells, and plans, but drags negative figures.

Its budget for 2025 was Bs 89.2 million, but of this amount 35.24% is allocated to debt service, even exceeding spending on personnel services (31.05%). By contrast, investment in real assets barely reaches 0.06% of the budget.

In other words, the company allocates more resources to paying past obligations than to renewing or expanding its productive capacity. A model that works to sustain daily operations, but seriously limits any leap in efficiency or competitiveness in the medium term.

The company obtains almost all its income from the sale of sugar and alcohol (94.88%), but the financial execution shows a warning sign: part of those resources is sustained by an increase in accounts payable, including commercial, wage, and employer obligations.

For 2025, the company planned to produce 163,841 tons of cane, but more than 38% of its raw material comes from third parties. With only 1,986 hectares of its own, the company must sustain agreements and logistical support that raise its costs.

In terms of production for this year, an estimated harvest of 295,000 quintals of sugar, 1.7 million liters of alcohol, and power generation for the National Interconnected System was projected. To sustain that cycle, it has a payroll of 800 workers, labor-intensive and implying high wage costs.

Recently, Julio Linares, Vice Minister of Coordination and Public Management, explained that “the San Buenaventura company borrowed more than Bs 1.8 billion to build the mill, but so far has repaid barely 9% and pays neither principal nor interest.” This money was managed by the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB).

Quipus and YLB

In a similar situation is Quipus, created in 2013 under the discourse of technological sovereignty, but it remains highly dependent on the State and with low budget execution.

In 2024, Quipus reported sales of Bs 55.3 million, more than 80% concentrated on state clients such as the National Hydrocarbons Agency and the National Institute of Statistics. But its sales to the public are marginal, showing that the company does not truly compete under market conditions, but rather manages public procurement.

Last year it recorded a profit of Bs 5.15 million, but it maintains a debt with Finpro of Bs 246.6 million and a budget execution of just 23.4%. In addition, direct contracting concentrated most of the resources, generating risks of opacity and overpricing.

Another white elephant is Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos (YLB), created in 2017 to manage the entire lithium production chain in Bolivia. Its objective was to transform the reserves of the Uyuni Salt Flat into national wealth through the industrialization of derivatives such as lithium carbonate and hydroxide. But in 2024 it recorded a deficit of Bs 196 million.

Another not minor fact is that, in more than a decade, the lithium industrialization program promoted by former president Evo Morales accumulated an investment exceeding $960 million. However, the government of Luis Arce reported that this spending did not produce the expected results, leaving minimal real progress compared with official announcements.

Economic damage and technical failures

The state company Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos identified economic damage to the State of 425 million. This harm is due to serious structural deficiencies in the evaporation ponds and the use of technology that the current government describes as “outdated” and inefficient.

Failed industrialization

The Empresa Boliviana de Industrialización de Hidrocarburos (EBIH) is another strategic public firm with a clear role in theory: to industrialize natural gas and other hydrocarbons to add value through petrochemical products. However, it accumulates losses of Bs 29 million.

For that reason, it appears among the companies operating in technical bankruptcy, with accumulated losses and a financial situation that—from the official perspective—is not sustainable without subsidies or state support.

Meanwhile, the public company Yacana was created to industrialize products derived from camelids (such as alpaca, llama, and vicuña), promoting added value in a sector traditionally exporting raw materials, but it accumulates losses.

The idea seemed good: to take advantage of camelid fiber to produce yarns and fabrics with greater value, generating employment and exports. But the numbers did not follow: according to official data, sales were very low (around Bs 6 million) compared with much larger budgets allocated to salaries, operations, and public procurement. In addition, it accumulates losses of Bs 203 million.

The model that did not work

The director of the Technical Office for the Strengthening of Public Enterprises (OFEP), Pablo Camacho, delivered a blunt diagnosis of the situation of state enterprises: of the 67 under its oversight, at least 13 closed 2024 with a combined deficit of Bs 542 million, while over nearly two decades around $14 billion were diluted in credits and investments that did not generate the return promised by the discourse of industrialization.

Camacho explained that the OFEP already existed under the previous government, but never fulfilled its central function: generating technical information for decision-making.

The origin of the economic damage lies in massive financing via the Central Bank of Bolivia, of which barely 18% was repaid in 19 years, in addition to external loans from the IDB, the World Bank, and China’s Exim Bank. Among the most critical cases is Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos, with losses of 196 million bolivianos, followed by companies such as the San Buenaventura sugar mill (EASBA), Beagro, and Yacana, several of them without sustained production or directly inoperative.

The route proposed by the OFEP includes the preparation of technical files for the 67 companies and the execution of technical and financial audits to determine responsibilities, possible overpricing, and exit alternatives.

“Time plays against us,” he warned, referring to lithium and other capital-intensive industries. The message is clear: the numbers no longer allow sustaining the white elephants inherited from the MAS.

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