Reinventing Bolivia’s Future | Reinventando el futuro de Bolivia

By Gonzalo Chavez, Brujula Digital:

Beyond the Shock: Chronicle of a Country Deciding to Reinvent Itself

Bolivia’s public debate in recent weeks has revolved around a familiar yet profoundly insufficient dichotomy: shock or gradualism. Both terms are usually interpreted as mere differences in speed, as if the national dilemma were simply deciding whether to press the accelerator or ease off the brake. This view is incomplete, because stabilization and the recovery of growth are not merely matters of timing—they are, above all, matters of direction. The country does not only need public policies to be executed faster; it needs them to be different. Stability and growth require a horizon, not just haste.

The caution of the Paz administration is understandable. No government—especially a newly installed one—can transform in a few days a country that has been governed by mistaken ideas for two decades. But it is important not to lose sight of the fact that every new government has a window of opportunity to undertake transformations. What political jargon calls the honeymoon period: a social and political predisposition to accept and support change. Meanwhile, the boundary between caution and action is extremely thin; the danger lies in staying stuck at that boundary.

It is clear that reducing “shock” to simply doing things “quickly” is to miss the essential point. The real shock is conceptual and narrative: abandoning the exhausted extractivist development pattern and adopting a national mission built around conquering the realm of human capital and green growth, service exports, knowledge-intensive innovation, global entrepreneurship, and a professional, austere, and efficient State. That is the pivot. The challenge is not to accelerate the old, but to inaugurate the new—even if its implementation may be gradual.

The collective political imagination, however, has been hijacked by the level of two prices: the exchange rate and fuel prices. These are important variables and require deep reforms. But the government has postponed them for reasons of political calculation and governability. This three- or four-month pause need not be traumatic if the country advances rapidly along other tracks. Comprehensive stabilization and economic recovery do not need to be limited to these two topics.

Bolivian citizens, for their part, have already achieved their own miracle: they expelled, through the vote, peacefully and with civic spirit, one of the worst governments in history. Such admirable behavior demands reciprocity. Public policy must become a form of gratitude and a fulfilled promise. Early victories are a way to honor the hope that emerged at the ballot box, and they must be simultaneously technical, symbolic, and structural.

The new administration arrives with a set of five campaign slogans that are politically useful but programmatically insufficient unless concrete and politically visible actions are taken: Bolivia in the world and the world in Bolivia; capitalism for all; eliminating the bottleneck State; 50/50 with the regions; and the fight against corruption.

The fundamental weakness of many contemporary political platforms is the confusion between means (instruments) and ends (missions/objectives). When a government plan elevates the “how” to the level of the “what” and the “why,” it risks creating a technocratic administration that works “well” on paper but loses sight of human well-being. Below is a deconstruction of the five pillars of the current government, showing that none of them constitutes a development objective in itself—they are merely operational tools. Policy proposals for each pillar are also provided.

Real development is measured in indicators of human well-being: health, education, freedom, agency, happiness. Everything else is infrastructure to get there.

Bolivia in the world and the world in Bolivia: Trade and financial openness is a channel, not a destination. A country may be fully integrated as an exporter of cheap raw materials and still remain underdeveloped. Openness is the pipeline; the objective should be economic sovereignty through global competitiveness. This pillar is supported by an ambitious trade policy: eliminating discretionary licenses and barriers now in exports and imports, implementing a digital single window for foreign trade, reforming customs with risk management and scanners, liberalizing the aviation market—now—to generate tourism and competition, and adopting an ultra-liberal visa regime to attract investment, talent, and visitors. These measures give real substance to global integration, turning it into a lever for productive development.

Ending the bottleneck State: Administrative efficiency is not a civilizational project. A State may be agile without being just. Eliminating paperwork lubricates the machine but does not determine where the vehicle is headed. The real objective must be to free citizens’ time for a dignified life.

Here is where the redesign of the State apparatus fits in: reorganizing the Executive around ten coherent ministries (further cuts are needed), shutting down unproductive public companies (what is the government waiting for to close Quipus or the french-fries plant? There are several like these), restructuring those with potential, imposing strict austerity in current spending, digitally controlling State fuel consumption, and transforming the foreign service into an economic platform (keep only ten embassies; close the rest). All this reduces friction, frees time and resources, and allows citizens to have a more dignified and useful relationship with the State.

Capitalism for all: The economic model is the engine, not the journey. Investment is an input, not the destination. If it does not translate into social mobility, the creation of family and business assets, and the reduction of inequality, it becomes mere market fetishism.

Beyond eliminating some taxes, tax reform becomes key: reducing VAT and broadening the tax base by incorporating large-scale mining cooperatives, commercial coca producers, and large gremiales through a productive monotributo; eliminating unjustified fiscal privileges; fully digitalizing tax and customs administration. A fair and modern tax structure allows economic growth to translate into real benefits for families, not only for elites.

Decentralizing justice (50/50): Transferring money is not the same as transferring development. If a department or municipality lacks capacities, the money is lost anyway. What matters is not who spends, but the quality of services people receive.

A regional productive approach proposes that Bolivia advance toward a development-oriented fiscal federalism, where regions not only receive resources but build their own capacities based on territorial advantages. For example, this implies promoting strategic specializations such as a Sucre–Potosí–Oruro axis focused on historical and cultural tourism, and a Beni–Pando–Santa Cruz corridor geared toward agro-industry and bio-economy, all supported by competitive funds, high-impact infrastructure, and sustainable value chains. The goal is to turn decentralization-federalization into an active mechanism for creating local wealth, not merely a bureaucratic redistribution.

Frontline fight against corruption: Honesty is not a value proposition—it is a minimum standard. A country can be honest and still be poor. Anti-corruption efforts are system maintenance; they do not define a vision for the future.

Building public trust requires an institutional ecosystem that combines radical transparency, effective oversight, and meaningful citizen participation. This makes it essential to implement open platforms for real-time tracking of public spending, establish an independent Institutional Integrity Office with sanctioning powers and whistleblower protection mechanisms, and consolidate Participatory Budgets 2.0, where citizens can verify, audit, and digitally validate project execution. This architecture strengthens accountability, reduces opacity, and turns citizens into active actors of democratic control.

From this analysis emerges one conclusion: these five points answer the question “how to administer the State?”, but they do not answer the essential question: “what kind of society do we want to build?”

Bolivia needs a development vision that guarantees freedom, dignity, and real opportunities for all, turning talent into prosperity, diversity into innovation, and institutions into social trust. Its mission is to build a social pact based on human capital, territorial equity, economic creativity, and institutional strength, bringing together the State, the private sector, and citizens to reduce inequalities and generate sustainable prosperity.

Sustaining this direction requires robust governance: a Stabilization and Development Council with permanent monitoring, a Fiscal Responsibility Law that imposes macroeconomic discipline, and a national pact that ensures political continuity for at least five years. These are shock policies that must be announced quickly—they are early victories that, with a hopeful and motivated society, can certainly be implemented gradually.

Gonzalo Chávez is an economist.

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