Paz inherits a subsidy system that consumes more than Bs 11 billion per year | Paz hereda un sistema de subsidios que consume más Bs 11.000 millones al año

By Ernesto Estremadoiro, El Deber:

Paz hereda un sistema de subsidios que consume más Bs 11.000 millones al año

The new economic cabinet of President Rodrigo Paz will face the challenge of reactivating energy production amid scarcity. Photo: Ricardo Montero

Subsidies, collapsing production, and the depletion of mega-fields foretell a massive challenge for President Rodrigo Paz. Analysts warn that the model is unsustainable and that Bolivia will have to import gas and LPG unless it attracts investment.

Metaphorically, President Rodrigo Paz’s administration will receive a ticking time bomb in the energy sector. The limited transparent data show that in 2024, the state-owned Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB) ended the year with a financial imbalance due to a chain of subsidies that caused losses of Bs 11.711 billion — evaporated through subsidies, logistics costs, and frozen prices.

At first glance, according to documents, YPFB closed 2024 with what appears to be an encouraging figure: a net profit of Bs 1.093.7 million, more than double the Bs 418.3 million recorded in 2023. But beneath that apparent financial recovery lies a far more worrying fact: domestic sales generated losses of Bs 11.711 billion. In other words, the state oil company loses money every time it sells fuel within the country.

The Comparative Statement of Current Resources and Expenditures 2023–2024, an official company document, shows that although the overall balance ended in the black, the operational core of the business remains deep in the red. YPFB continues to sell gasoline, diesel, LPG, and possibly natural gas below their real cost of importation, refining, and distribution. The difference is covered by state subsidies that have become a growing financial drain.

Costs

The document reveals that in 2024, the subsidy for imported diesel reached Bs 6.357 billion, a slight 15% drop compared to Bs 7.503 billion in 2023. But this partial relief is offset by other increases: the crude oil subsidy rose from Bs 155.7 million to Bs 538.8 million — a 246% jump — and expenses for additives and inputs climbed 8.3%, to Bs 5.145 billion.

This yields a devastating result: a consolidated loss of Bs 11.711 billion from domestic sales — lower than 2023’s Bs 13.783 billion, but still unsustainable for any company. That loss equals more than half of the Education Ministry’s budget and triple what the country allocates to Health.

The external outlook offers little comfort. Export sales — mainly natural gas — fell from Bs 15.103 billion in 2023 to Bs 12.277 billion in 2024, an 18.7% drop, while export profits contracted 42%, to Bs 949.9 million.

In summary, lower gas production, depletion of mega-fields, and less profitable contracts with neighboring countries are cutting foreign currency revenues. This worsens YPFB’s dependence on its domestic market — the very one generating its largest losses.

The risk is twofold: YPFB could end up financially crippled, and the State burdened with unsustainable spending. According to independent economists, the total cost of energy subsidies — including diesel, gasoline, and gas — hovers around Bs 12 billion annually, equivalent to 3% of the national GDP.

Low Production

Economist and Fundación Jubileo researcher Raúl Velásquez stated that natural gas production has fallen 54% in the last decade — a decline that affects both exports and domestic supply and already signals urgent challenges ahead.

“Half of the production goes to the domestic market, valued at an average of $1.30 per million BTU, while exports fetch $6.40,” Velásquez explained.

This imbalance creates a double negative effect: lower royalties and fiscal revenues, and a domestic price that does not reflect the real value of the resource. The situation worsens with falling gas shipments to Argentina and the underuse of the Gran Chaco liquids separation plant, which signals the need to import LPG by 2026 and natural gas by 2028 if urgent measures are not taken.

The specialist warns that maintaining current subsidies is unviable in the long term. The LPG cylinder, currently sold at Bs 22.50, could cost around Bs 170 if imported — posing a dilemma on how to protect residential consumers without compromising fiscal sustainability.

Velásquez also emphasized that the energy crisis is not only due to recent management but to a rentier and statist model dating back decades, reinforced by social pressure after the 2003 gas war. “The new government inherits a country with urgent needs: importing diesel, gasoline, and LPG; adjusting subsidy policies; liberalizing imports; and seeking diversification of the electric matrix,” he warned.

To reverse the decline in gas production, major investments in mega-fields are needed — projects that cannot be implemented immediately. Velásquez proposes attracting private risk capital. The new hydrocarbons law must ensure competitiveness to draw foreign investment amid regional competition from Argentina, Colombia, and Guyana.

“YPFB is broke”

Former Hydrocarbons Minister Álvaro Ríos issued a blunt warning: YPFB is practically bankrupt and bleeding, and without immediate intervention, the country could face an energy collapse in the coming years. Ríos, who has been warning about the sustained production decline since 2013, said the state oil company has become the epicenter of the sector’s deterioration.

“The MAS government ignored all warnings. YPFB was managed politically, with corruption and no transparency, promoting a false energy boom through slogans like ‘sea of gas’ or ‘energy heart of South America,’” he said.

According to the former minister, the company was used as a political instrument — more media-oriented than productive — which ended up misleading the population about the country’s true situation.

Ríos said YPFB accumulates multimillion-dollar losses and operates with an oversized structure — around 8,000 employees — and inefficient subsidiaries. He cited as an example the urea plant, which “spends more time idle than operational” and will not be sustainable without gas in the future.

In his final acts as head of state, former president Luis Arce defended his administration’s energy policy, claiming concrete steps were taken to address production deficits. “We corrected the mistake of neglecting exploration and failing to safeguard the nationalization of hydrocarbons. Our government executed 54 exploration projects,” he said during a public event in San Julián, Santa Cruz.

Arce reminded that supply problems began before his term, when oil and gas fields were already in decline. “From day one, we’ve worked to structurally solve the problem the country already faced before we came to power,” he noted.

According to the president, of the 54 exploration projects carried out, 18 were successful, with significant discoveries such as Mayaya in northern La Paz, and Churuma and Los Monos in Tarija.

However, the magnitude of the energy subsidy and the weight of the fiscal deficit leave the new government with little room to maneuver. Bolivia’s future will depend less on speeches and more on its ability to attract investment.

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