The Shamelessness of the Central Bank | La sinvergüenzura del Banco Central

By Antonio Saravia, Visión 360:

The authorities squandered everything over two decades, and in the end, we will be the ones paying the bill. Very difficult times are coming, and the new government will have a hard time.

The Central Bank has been signing futures contracts for the sale of a total of 8.4 tons of gold to international financial entities (reportedly based in Germany). Futures contracts are, in essence, advance sales. The sale is agreed upon at a set price, the money is received, but the product (the gold) is delivered later, within a timeframe agreed upon by both parties.

These financial operations are typically used as protection or insurance. Since no one knows what the price of gold will be in 6 months or a year, the buyer (seller) prefers to make the deal today and thus secure the purchase (sale) of gold at today’s negotiated price. The buyer in a futures contract bets that, by the time of delivery, the price of gold will be higher (so the buyer will have paid less), while the seller bets that the price will be lower (so the seller will have received more).

The Central Bank has received about $800 million for this advance sale. This means that, within no more than a year, the Central Bank must deliver the 8.4 tons to the buyer. But here’s the important detail: the futures contract is not only based on signatures and good faith; the seller must provide collateral to guarantee delivery when the time comes. In this case, the Central Bank left exactly 8.4 tons of gold as collateral.

As you can see, although technically the 8.4 tons deposited in Germany as collateral still belong to the Central Bank, they will never be recovered. They will remain with the buyer when the term expires because that is what we committed to deliver. And this is precisely what puts the monetary authority in trouble. By law, the Central Bank must at all times maintain a minimum of 22 tons of gold reserves, understood as certified and immediately available gold. Clearly, gold delivered as collateral is not immediately available. These 8.4 tons should therefore not be counted as part of the reserves.

As nervously explained in the media by Mr. Quelali, the Central Bank’s Financial Operations Manager, the vast majority of the gold is deposited abroad generating interest, and only about 2.27 tons remain in the Central Bank’s vaults. These 2.27 tons were not deposited abroad because they are not certified, which means they also should not be counted as reserves. Summing up, of the 24.12 tons of gold that the Central Bank claims to have, about 10.67 tons (8.4 + 2.27) cannot be counted as reserves. That leaves the Central Bank with only 13.45 tons of gold reserves, a figure well below what the law requires. The Central Bank should tread carefully—this could have legal consequences.

Pressed by journalists, Mr. Quelali has said he is not worried about leaving the 8.4 tons as collateral because the Central Bank has scheduled the purchase of 16 tons on the domestic market. That way, when the futures contracts expire, the Central Bank would have replaced the collateralized gold and even increased reserves. But of course, at this point, we all have the same question: With what money will the Central Bank buy those 16 tons of gold? Quelali, the Minister of Economy, and even the President have admitted that the $800 million received from the advance sale has already been used to buy fuel and pay external debt service—that is, it’s already gone.

And here comes the trap. With no dollars available, the Central Bank will have to buy gold using bolivianos. Since the Central Bank is the monetary authority and can “print” as much as it wants, it will simply issue the necessary bolivianos for the transaction. Do you see the trap? The Central Bank will buy gold in exchange for nothing. I’m not exaggerating—these transactions aren’t even carried out with physical banknotes (which at least have a nominal printing cost) but with electronic accounting entries that cost absolutely nothing to record. That’s why I put “print” in quotation marks—it’s only a figurative way of understanding how the monetary authority creates money.

How many bolivianos will the Central Bank have to “print” to buy 16 tons of gold? If we consider that one ton of gold costs about $120 million, the Central Bank would need around $1.92 billion. At an exchange rate of Bs. 13, the Central Bank would then have to “print” Bs. 24.96 billion. Abracadabra! Money is created out of thin air, and the gold is bought. Something smells fishy, doesn’t it? Of course, those brand-new Bs. 24.96 billion will increase the monetary supply in the hands of the public, who will in turn increase their demand for dollars and for goods and services. Nobody wants worthless paper, and people will immediately protect themselves by exchanging it for dollars or products. This will, of course, strongly fuel both devaluation and inflation.

How much is Bs. 24.96 billion? The accumulated monetary issuance as of July 2025 was Bs. 94.993 billion. That means this operation would increase monetary issuance by 26%. Brace yourself! In normal times, monetary issuance should grow at the pace of GDP growth. If we believe the IMF, our GDP growth will be 1.1% this year; therefore, a 26% increase in monetary issuance will strongly accelerate both inflation and devaluation. Who then pays the price for this Central Bank “masterstroke”? Who loses purchasing power and becomes poorer because of it? Who really pays for the gold? Exactly—not the politicians or the brilliant Central Bank technicians, but Bolivian families.

In short, this is simply shamelessness. The authorities squandered everything over two decades, and in the end, we will be the ones paying the bill. Very difficult times are coming, and the new government will have a hard time. I only hope these 20 years have not been in vain and that we have learned that voting for statism and populism ends up sinking us into misery.

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