Decalogue of Urgency for the Disaster in the Energy Sector | Decálogo de urgencia para el desastre generado en el sector energético

By Alvaro Rios, Brujula Digital:

The Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), in its two decades of government, has plunged the country into the worst energy disaster of its republican life. They squandered 13 Trillion Cubic Feet (TCF) of gas reserves and wasted $67 billion in hydrocarbon exports. Bolivia is left with 1.3 TCF and declining hydrocarbon production. Even more painful is that they leave the country neck-deep in debt, without international reserves to buy energy, short on supply, with inflation and a looming food crisis.

You can live without love, but not without energy, as the saying goes.

Now it is time to rescue Bolivia from the rubble, and it will not be easy for any government, whether right, left, center, above, or below. The country is in ruins, and the solution for economic recovery must first address the energy issue.

Below is a decalogue of what the next administration should urgently do in energy matters to avoid shortages, social combustion, and a diaspora of Bolivians, similar to the Cuban or Venezuelan case, who live deprived of everything, especially energy.

1) Secure fresh foreign currency—borrowed or donated—negotiate debt payment deferments, sell what little gold remains, and take any other measure to obtain cash and resolve what I call the energy trilogy: i) ensure a normal supply of the domestic market by importing fuels (LPG, gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel) for at least 12 months; ii) stabilize and mechanize a fluctuating exchange rate; and iii) begin lifting subsidies on all energy sources with direct compensation to the most vulnerable and public services such as transport, with a very clear, simple, and transparent strategy. One does not work without the other.

2) Design and open unrestricted imports so the private sector can import and commercialize all fuels (diesel, gasoline, LPG, jet fuel, and even natural gas), in line with the lifting of subsidies from point 1. Procedures and permits should not take more than five days, and service stations must be allowed to sell freely. To achieve this, storage access (open access) must be liberalized and transitional storage tariffs in YPFB tanks established for all fuels, mainly diesel, gasoline, and LPG.

3) Invite international fuel suppliers (diesel, gasoline, LPG, and jet fuel) to end dependence on the traditional suppliers managed by MAS, such as Vitol and Trafigura, and finally achieve competitive, fair prices. With competition, YPFB imports can come at lower costs.

4) Take control of several key positions in YPFB to ensure normal, transparent procurement and supply management (what the population expects), while leaving aside Botrading, which is merely an unnecessary, opaque, and dubious intermediary. YPFB Refining or another YPFB subsidiary can buy and supply without such middlemen.

5) Halt and reassess all YPFB exploration and production projects (Tomachi, Mayaya, Surubí, Mamoré, and others), as well as other YPFB investment projects that may involve overpricing, since scarce resources should first be allocated to fuel supply for the domestic market. If possible, stop the ongoing certification of reserves—considered biased and non-transparent—and immediately launch a new one to determine the real state of reserves and future hydrocarbon production capacity.

6) Establish immediate negotiations with Petrobras to stabilize contracted gas demand, so as not to harm liquids production and the commercialization of surplus gas at higher prices with other agents in Brazil and Argentina, as has been happening in recent months.

7) Fulfill pending payment obligations with all contractors and operators in Bolivia to ensure continuity of operations and hydrocarbon production, and resolve the situation with Shell caused by breaches of contracts.

8) Enact the Incentives Law (“bridge law”), already under consideration in the Chamber of Deputies, so that current operators in Bolivia can adapt their contracts and trigger certain investments within their current contract areas, thus achieving new hydrocarbon production in the next two to four years. New companies will come to invest, but this will require a new Hydrocarbons Law, strong tax adjustments, and probably a change to the Constitution, which will take more time.

9) Immediately begin negotiations with transport agents in neighboring Argentina and Brazil to make transit gas competitive. It is possible to achieve improvements in tariffs across all three countries and reduce or eliminate taxes, which could increase transit gas and possible supply for Bolivia starting in 2028. This is crucial if we do not want to run out of natural gas.

10) Halt biodiesel plant operations until their economic feasibility is assessed in agreement with soybean and soybean oil producers. The restriction on soybean oil exports, intended to reduce diesel imports through biodiesel production in politically driven plants, must undergo economic analysis.

11) Allow ethanol producers to enter the competitive market with imported gasoline. Export parity works in their favor, which should encourage them to sell in the domestic market up to a 12% blend. No higher percentage is possible since the automotive fleet does not allow it.

12) Review operational conditions of the urea plant, which is, in my view, a ticking time bomb, and analyze the feasibility of continuing operations, especially to determine whether operating costs can be covered without subsidized gas. Special request: work with the judiciary to release the political prisoners from the urea plant who are unjustly held.

13) Give immediate attention to contracts and maintenance services of thermoelectric plants, which we know are facing problems. We cannot risk an electricity shortage exploding.

Álvaro Ríos was Bolivia’s Minister of Hydrocarbons and is currently managing partner at Gas Energy Latin America.

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