The new president will inherit a country with inflation, deficit, and scarce income | El nuevo presidente recibirá un país con inflación, déficit y pocos ingresos

By Ernesto Estremadoiro, El Deber:

mercados

Amid the crisis, many families have been forced to adjust their budgets due to rising food prices. /Photo: JC Torrejón

Inflation has surpassed 16.9% so far this year, the fiscal deficit is over 10% of GDP, and the parallel dollar exchange rate is far above the official one. The next president will take office with Bolivia on the verge of collapse.

Bolivia heads into the 2025 presidential runoff at a critical economic crossroads. Rodrigo Paz Pereira, son of former president Jaime Paz Zamora, received 32.14% of the votes and will face Jorge “Tuto” Quiroga, who reached 26.81%. Beyond the electoral contest, the country faces a severe economic outlook that will test the capacity of the incoming leader.

One of the most alarming indicators is the fiscal deficit, now exceeding 10% of GDP, while the trade deficit closed 2024 at $845 million due to falling exports and rising imports.

Adding to this is accumulated inflation, which reached 16.92% between January and July 2025, according to the National Statistics Institute (INE). This figure reflects the heavy impact of social blockades on the cost of living, particularly in June, when the monthly rate jumped to 5.21%, the highest in recent years.

Another immediate challenge is the dollar shortage, which has fueled a parallel exchange market where the U.S. currency is sold at Bs 13.60 and bought at Bs 13.50 — far above the official rate of Bs 6.96. Today, only a few sectors still access dollars at the official price.

Analysis

Economist Carlos Aranda, from the Populi Studies Center, warned that the new government will immediately need about $500 million in the last quarter of the year to cover fuel imports. According to him, the winner of the runoff will inherit a country with poverty rates above 8% — based on independent studies — and inflation that had already surpassed 15% by July.

“Projections from international organizations about Bolivia’s economy have fallen short; all were exceeded before the year ended,” said Aranda.

He also noted that the next president will need to pay $317 million in external debt during the fourth quarter of 2025, in addition to covering salaries and year-end bonuses.

Economist Germán Molina agreed with this diagnosis and went further, warning that the new president will take office amid double-digit inflation that could close the year between 25% and 28%, with rising fiscal and trade deficits, dollar and fuel shortages, and international reserves at historic lows.

Both candidates will find a country practically in drought: no liquidity in local or foreign currency. It will be like entering a house with no electricity, no food, nothing,” he said.

Molina criticized that both Paz’s and Quiroga’s economic programs are too general and fail to respond to the immediate challenge.

On TV and in debates, neither was specific. It’s one thing to sing with a guitar; come November 8, they’ll need solutions, and those aren’t in their plans,” he stressed.

Regarding Rodrigo Paz, he observed that his 25-page plan “lacks concrete measures” to face the currency crisis. One of his proposals — making dollar holdings transparent through a legalization scheme similar to Argentina’s — “won’t be an immediate solution,” he cautioned.

As for Jorge Quiroga, he acknowledged his idea of redirecting external loans toward a stabilization fund but questioned the timing: “Amending an international credit contract doesn’t happen in 24 hours. Bureaucracy is heavy, and that delay could be lethal for the country’s stability.”

Molina further warned that the new government will struggle to pay the year-end bonuses in November, as the outgoing administration may leave an empty treasury after meeting its final obligations.

He cautioned that the lack of liquidity could trigger social unrest. “People can be patient for a few days, but if there’s no gasoline or diesel, blockades and protests will return. That’s how serious things are,” he concluded.

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