China-backed gold mines flood towns and pollute rivers in Bolivia | Las minas de oro respaldadas por China inundan pueblos y contaminan ríos de Bolivia

By Entorno, Brujula Digital:

In the mining center of Tipuani, Chinese investors remain distant and difficult to locate. Their silent presence is transforming the region, raising questions, tensions, and a growing sense of division

Fidel Véliz, a victim of the disaster, tries to enter his house through the contaminated water. Photo: Entorno

The water reaches his chest, some days his neck. Fidel Véliz, a 36-year-old veterinarian, hesitates before stepping into the stagnant, murky water that now covers what used to be his street. His house is underwater. His cats, now living on the roof, are the only reason he returns every other day—with food, affection, and memories of a life he lost.

This scene unfolds in Tipuani, a gold-rich town located eight hours from Bolivia’s capital, La Paz. Formerly nicknamed the “Gold Capital,” Tipuani has been overwhelmed by uncontrolled mining operations, most of them run by Bolivian cooperatives backed by foreign capital, primarily Chinese.

Torrential rains and the reckless redirection of the Tipuani River by miners have flooded neighborhoods, destroyed homes, and collapsed infrastructure. More than 70% of the town’s 7,600 residents have been affected.

Locals say they are drowning due to government negligence, environmental devastation, and the consequences of a chaotic mining system that benefits foreign investors far more than local residents.

A woman looks over Tipuani, still flooded months after heavy rains caused the local river to overflow.
Photo: Sergio Mendoza

“We live in a sewer”

One morning this January, the river overflowed without warning. Within minutes, adobe homes collapsed, businesses were swept away, and some residents lost their lives.

“Last year, my house, my business, everything I had collapsed,” says Roger Viadez, president of Tipuani’s Central Neighborhood. He managed to evacuate his family seconds before the walls gave way. He spent two months sleeping in the town square.

He rebuilt his home with bank loans, only to see it flooded again months later. “It’s infuriating to live like this. Local and national authorities are clearly aware of this situation, but no one does anything effective,” he told Entorno.

Viadez now floats through a toxic soup of river water and sewage on a raft made of a table, ropes, and foam blocks. The water isn’t just from the river—it’s mixed with sewage. Tipuani has no sewer system, so when it rains, wastewater returns to the city. “We’re living on top of shit, and many people are already getting sick,” he says.

Fidel Véliz is one of the victims of the Tipuani floods. His home was completely inundated. Photo: Sergio Mendoza

A foreign hand in the ruins

Tipuani is home to about 15 registered gold mining cooperatives. But residents point to six in particular that have partnered with foreign investors—mostly Chinese, but also Colombian and German. These often informal partnerships are blamed for some of the worst environmental damage.

“The Chinese companies make internal agreements with Bolivian cooperatives, sometimes for five, seven, or ten years,” says Rufino Chambi, president of Tipuani’s neighborhood councils. “But if the venture fails, they (the Chinese) break the deal.”

According to Chambi, these investors take about 70% of the gold profits, leaving only 30% for the Bolivian side. “They’ve been here almost four years; I think they should leave something behind, at least a paved avenue or a major project,” he tells Entorno.

Viadez, president of the Central Neighborhood, adds that these aren’t even formally established companies. “They claim to be businesses, but they’re not registered and don’t contribute to the state. They just come to take the gold and ship it to their country,” he says.

Heavy machinery—excavators, dump trucks, and backhoes—roar day and night just steps from residents’ homes.

The massive amount of sediment has raised the riverbed to the same level as the town. Now, every time it rains, the river not only overflows but pours directly into Tipuani’s streets.

Along the road, several mining exploration sites can be seen. Only a few Chinese individuals are visible in the work camps. Most are investors who isolate themselves from the local community, reinforcing the feeling of a distant and opaque foreign presence in this Bolivian mining region.

Mining operations continue day and night in Tipuani. Photo: Sergio Mendoza.

Rising waters, rising frustration

Tipuani’s residents have begun to react. One recent weekend, members of the town’s Civic Committee and Social Oversight Commission tried to confront a new mining company, Lin Qin SRL, but the company canceled the meeting at the last minute. “People are tired of being ignored,” says local leader Gimena Pérez. “We’re not against mining, but it has to be responsible.”

Pérez, like many others, lost her home in the floods. She points to submerged cars and collapsed houses. “We’re not going to live off gold, and future generations need to understand that.”

In May, a 17-year-old boy died when his vehicle plunged into an abandoned mining pit. “That wasn’t the road,” his aunt, Norma Espejo, says sadly. “The crash was the cooperatives’ fault. We’ve been fighting them for years.”

Gimena Pérez, member of Tipuani’s Social Oversight Commission, observes the destruction left behind by irresponsible mining. Photo: Entorno

Chinese investors

Tipuani’s mayor, Fernando Vera, confirmed there are 15 registered cooperatives in the area. But he said that behind them are at least six major foreign investors, most of them Chinese.

“They come, work, and leave. We ask for their work plans, but they almost never follow them. And when we try to intervene, the townspeople themselves defend them,” Vera told Entorno.

Vera, a cooperative member and businessman, says he’s tried to enforce the law but gets little support. “It’s like swimming against the current.”

The city has spent nearly $75,000 on emergency water pumping, but the flooding continues. The giant mining ponds have become constant sources of seepage. One bridge has already been swept away.

Gold and ruins

Tipuani’s residents aren’t asking for mining to stop—they depend on it. Nearly 90% of the population relies on gold extraction to survive. What they demand is regulation, accountability, and basic infrastructure. “We just want them to fill the pits and not leave open wounds,” says Viadez.

As the Civic Committee walks through what used to be neighborhoods, a jeep speeds by. Four young Chinese men watch from behind tinted windows. They are rarely seen at the mines.

Ironically, locals say that even some of the houses rented by those Chinese have flooded.

Photographing the mines is nearly impossible. Workers rush to stop anyone. But the damage is visible everywhere: submerged homes, blocked roads, and residents left to fend for themselves as the waters rise.

Véliz, the veterinarian, has sent his partner and son to La Paz. He now sleeps in the ruins of a damaged but not destroyed technical institute. “I stayed to take care of the cats. They’re all I have left here,” he says.

BD/

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