Blindness or Complicity? Velazco and Colque criticize the IMF for applauding the MAS for years | ¿Ceguera o complicidad? Velazco y Colque critican al FMI por aplaudir al MAS durante años

By Brújula Digital:

Columnists Enrique Velazco and Gonzalo Colque criticized the IMF for applauding the MAS model for years and only now warning of its collapse. They accused the organization of ignoring structural weaknesses and issuing late alerts, now that the severity of Bolivia’s economic crisis is evident.

Development experts Enrique Velazco and Gonzalo Colque separately criticized the passive stance of the International Monetary Fund, which for nearly two decades applauded the MAS’s economic policies, only to begin criticizing them now.

In two columns published in Brújula Digital, Velazco and Colque highlighted this apparent inconsistency from the IMF.

The IMF supported MAS governments for years with praise for their economic management, but its most recent report marks a drastic shift as it expresses concern over the country’s “severe fiscal and external imbalances.”

In his analysis of the IMF’s latest Article IV Consultation report on Bolivia, Velazco states that “it gives the impression that the Fund’s mission suddenly stumbled upon a ticking time bomb.” According to the document, the organization calls for “urgent actions to address the overvaluation of the exchange rate, strengthen international reserves, and carry out sustained fiscal consolidation.”

What stands out in the report, Velazco notes, is the alarmist tone considering that since at least 2008 the IMF had maintained a condescending attitude toward Bolivia’s economic model. “The IMF never tired of praising the results of the Bolivian economy,” he says, recalling that on several occasions its recommendations omitted key structural aspects such as the growing dependence on raw materials or the freezing of fuel prices.

Velazco cites several examples from previous reports. In 2011, the IMF congratulated the country’s economic performance and predicted further growth due to a recovery in hydrocarbon production, increased public investment, and favorable export prices. “It applauded the results of the financial system with particular emphasis and recommended that the government protect it,” Velazco adds.

However, the expert argues that such enthusiasm was problematic because “the financialization of economies promoted by the IMF and World Bank since the 1980s led to precarious employment under the euphemism of entrepreneurship,” while microcredit institutions transformed into commercial banks with large profits.

In 2013 and 2015, the IMF once again celebrated Bolivia’s economic growth, highlighting achievements in poverty reduction, inflation control, and dedollarization. “Even when there were already studies by the IMF itself and the World Bank recognizing that financialization was a cause of inequality and wealth concentration, they kept recommending the same formula,” Velazco says.

In 2018 and 2022, the IMF’s tone began to shift, but without yet marking a clear break, Velazco recalls.

Gonzalo Colque’s Perspective

For his part, Colque believes the IMF ignored the structural weaknesses of the Bolivian economy, such as the freezing of fuel prices. He said that despite having privileged information, the international organization did not foresee the deterioration of Bolivia’s economic model and only recently began warning about the magnitude of the crisis.

During the gas boom from 2006 to 2015, the IMF openly praised the country’s economic performance. It highlighted growth of around 5% per year, poverty reduction, dedollarization, and the increase in international reserves. Colque recalls that the IMF even presented the MAS economic model as a successful example of macroeconomic management.

That discourse changed radically. In its most recent report, the IMF describes Bolivia’s situation as critical, with “chronic macroeconomic imbalances,” “high fiscal deficits,” and “virtually depleted international reserves.” The tone, once celebratory, is now curiously alarming.

Colque questions this shift: “Didn’t the IMF see the collapse of the economic model coming? Why did it underestimate the structural weaknesses of the Bolivian economy?” he asks. For him, the IMF’s role should be to anticipate crises, not simply describe them once they are underway.

The columnist explains that the IMF operates on two levels: one technical and the other ideological. The first relates to its diagnostics and recommendations; the second, to its preference for pro-market reforms, such as shrinking the state or removing subsidies. This latter stance has generated tensions with left-wing governments like that of the MAS, which could have influenced the positive tone during the boom years.

“The favorable reports may have had a political or diplomatic purpose,” Colque notes. He recalls that then-president Evo Morales used them on several occasions to defend his administration. Despite ideological clashes, the IMF maintained Article IV consultations and periodic evaluations with the country.

To conclude, Colque offers a recommendation to all presidential candidates: defenders of economic orthodoxy should not treat the IMF report as “a new bible” but analyze it critically. At the same time, MAS and its allies should set aside their prejudices and recognize the urgency of implementing corrective measures. “If they continue ignoring the crisis, they will not only deepen the economic deterioration but also multiply poverty among the majorities they claim to represent and protect,” he warns.

BD/RPU

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