Wildlife Observation Tourism: Orchids, Birds, and Butterflies | Turismo de observación: Orquídeas, aves y mariposas

By El Deber:

Orchids, Birds, and Butterflies: The Hidden Potential of Wildlife Observation Tourism in Bolivia

Turismo

Observation tourism is one of the most specialized and sustainable ways to engage in tourism

Far from being just a service industry, it is a true export activity: international tourists consume local products and, in doing so, inject strong currencies — such as dollars and euros — into the Bolivian economy

In an economic context where the shortage of dollars has become a national challenge, tourism emerges as a strategic activity capable of attracting fresh foreign currency into the country. Far from being just a service industry, it is a true export activity: international tourists consume local products and, in doing so, inject strong currencies — such as dollars and euros — into the Bolivian economy. In this scenario, biodiversity observation tourism presents itself as a powerful alternative, still largely unexplored but with enormous economic and environmental potential.

“Tourism is an export activity. Through international marketing and the offering of both traditional and non-traditional tourism products, we can reach a highly specialized market segment,” says Juan Carlos Núñez, renowned tour guide and professor in the Hotel and Tourism Management program at Franz Tamayo University, Unifranz.

Observation tourism is one of the most specialized and sustainable ways to engage in tourism. It includes activities such as birdwatching, and the observation of butterflies and orchids — all of which are found in abundance in Bolivia. The country is home to over 1,500 bird species — many of them endemic — making it a paradise for “birders,” who travel from around the world to observe, record, and photograph unique species.

“Specialized books on Bolivian birds have become essential references for these enthusiasts,” Núñez notes, highlighting the multiplier effect this type of tourism generates not only for operators but also for biologists, writers, and local communities.

Another highly valuable niche is orchid observation tourism, considered one of the most expensive types of tourism internationally.

Bolivia has around 1,500 species of orchids, more than 300 of which are endemic. Observing them requires scientific knowledge, specialized logistics, and cutting-edge technology such as high-resolution macro cameras.

“There are orchids that only bloom for an hour; it takes preparation, respect, and planning. It’s an exclusive form of tourism, aimed at a demanding audience,” Núñez explains.

As for butterflies, species such as the bright blue one endemic to the Yungas, along with other visually striking nocturnal species, also represent a niche attraction that could be further developed.

While Bolivia is still taking its first steps in this area, other countries in the region are already successfully capitalizing on their biodiversity. Colombia, for example, receives more than 15,000 birdwatchers each year, generating around 9 million dollars in direct income. Ecuador and Peru have also positioned themselves as leaders in nature tourism, thanks to the promotion of destinations like Manu or Tambopata and events such as orchid fairs or butterfly garden visits.

In contrast, Bolivia receives only about 2,000 to 5,000 specialized tourists per year, primarily in regions like the Yungas and Madidi National Park.

Barriers and Opportunities

The barriers are many: limited infrastructure, difficult access to biodiverse areas, seasonal weather conditions, lack of trained guides, and little international promotion. However, these limitations can turn into opportunities if there is a coordinated strategy that combines investment, conservation, and community development.

“The key lies in developing responsible and sustainable tourism. This kind of tourism involves everyone from chefs and artisans to scientists and expert guides. It fits within the orange economy and can generate a much greater multiplier effect than other sectors,” says Núñez. The economic impact of this specialized tourism can be tenfold — for every dollar invested, communities can gain ten dollars in return.

In support of this, Unifranz has taken on a proactive role through its integrative projects — an educational tool that promotes the development of real initiatives with local impact. Through the Hotel and Tourism Management program, students explore the implementation of tourism projects in different municipalities across the country, identifying little-known attractions, designing sustainable routes, and fostering partnerships with local stakeholders.

These academic proposals not only contribute to the training of professionals committed to sustainable development, but also open a window of opportunity for communities seeking to diversify their economies without destroying their natural environment.

“Our students have identified the enormous tourism potential of areas like the Chiquitano Dry Forest, the valleys of Santa Cruz, and Amazonian zones, promoting the responsible use of their natural wealth,” Núñez states.

With such vast and still undervalued biodiversity, Bolivia has the opportunity to position itself as a prime destination for wildlife observation tourism. To achieve this, it needs commitment, strategic investment, and a sustainable vision that includes communities, academia, and the private sector. Through this activity, the country can not only attract foreign currency but also strengthen its natural and cultural identity, promoting truly inclusive development.

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