Cañahua, the Andean grain that seeks to stop rural exodus in the Bolivian Altiplano | Cañahua, el grano andino que busca frenar el éxodo rural en el Altiplano boliviano

By Brújula Digital:

Cañahua curbs rural exodus in Bolivia. In the Altiplano, this resilient grain brings hope to farmers like Nico Mamani. Although its profitability is still low ($1.40 per kilo), its adaptation to the climate and nutritional value drive its cultivation.

A woman handles a cañahua plant/EFE/Luis Gandarillas

At more than 3,800 meters above sea level, in the Bolivian Altiplano, agriculture faces a constant threat: prolonged drought and the loss of water sources, such as Lake Poopó, which has disappeared in recent years.

In this context, cañahua, an Andean grain little known outside the region, presents itself as a viable alternative for farmers who still hold on to their land. So notes a report published by El País of Spain.

Nico Mamani, a young agronomist and producer from the municipality of Ayo Ayo, is one of the few who has decided to stay in the countryside. “A few years ago, a friend of mine told me: ‘If this year’s harvest doesn’t work, I’ll have to go to the city to find work,’” Mamani recalls, as quoted by El País. At 31 years old, Mamani bet on a different crop: cañahua, an Andean pseudocereal that grows faster than quinoa and better withstands drought conditions.

According to the report, in Ayo Ayo most farmers plant potatoes, fava beans, barley or quinoa. However, since 2019, Mamani has chosen to dedicate part of his land to cañahua.

“My idea was that, with a more resilient crop, the harvest would be good every year and that our children wouldn’t have to migrate,” explains the farmer, who now chairs the local association of grain producers.

Cañahua, like quinoa, has a long history in the Andes, but its cultivation declined drastically starting in the 1950s. “People began migrating to the cities, and knowledge and the benefits of cañahua were not passed on to the younger generations,” says Trigidia Jiménez, president of the National Cañahua Network of Bolivia, in statements cited by El País.

Moreover, adds the newspaper, the grain didn’t have an established market, so it was used almost exclusively for personal consumption, mainly as pito (a type of flavored, precooked flour).

The resurgence of cañahua is largely due to the work of Jiménez, who—according to El País—directly supported the producers of Ayo Ayo by purchasing their harvest at above-market prices. The National Cañahua Network also provided certified seeds and tools and collaborates with research programs led by the National Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Innovation.

Although income from cañahua is still not high—about $1.40 per kilo, the report specifies—prices are stable, which is an advantage compared to other crops. In Mamani’s words, “the harvest of this Andean grain rarely fails, and that guarantees us income every year.”

El País also points out that the real challenge lies in improving yields and positioning the grain in the urban market. To that end, some producers are already transforming cañahua into products like bread, pancake mixes, and energy bars. Trigidia Jiménez, for example, has succeeded in getting some of these products included in the state subsidy program for pregnant and breastfeeding women.

However, the report adds, there are still few young people who are encouraged to stay in the countryside. Many farming families, like the sisters Justina and Eugenia Clotilde Layme Quispe, aged 72 and 74, say their children work in textile workshops in Argentina. “There’s this belief that you’ll have a better life if you go to the city or abroad, but often the conditions are worse,” says Mamani.

Even so, the young agronomist remains hopeful. “It’s a challenge. To make this resilient crop also a source of good income and for the children, in a few years, to inherit their parents’ land with the certainty that this product really works,” he concludes. For Trigidia Jiménez, also quoted by El País, the path is clear: continue promoting cañahua in the cities. “I’ve always defended the idea that everyone wins with this crop: consumers, because it’s more nutritious than most cereals, and producers, because of its resistance to climate change.”

BD/RPU

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