“Awayus,” Indigenous Life-Carrying Textiles | Los “awayus”, los textiles indígenas transportadores de vida

By Gina Baldivieso / EFE, Vision 360:

“Awayus,” Indigenous Life-Carrying Textiles, Regain Value in Bolivia

“Memories of the awayu and llijlla: protectors and carriers of life” is the title of the exhibition inaugurated at the National Museum of Ethnography and Folklore (Musef) in La Paz.

La directora del Museo de Etnografía y folclore (Musef), Elvira Espejo, durante un recorrido por una exposición en el Musef en La Paz (Bolivia). Foto: EFE

The director of the Museum of Ethnography and Folklore (Musef), Elvira Espejo, during a tour of an exhibition at Musef in La Paz (Bolivia). Photo: EFE

The transition of “awayus” or aguayos, the indigenous textiles, from the archaeological period through colonial times to the present is explored in an exhibition in Bolivia that also seeks to revalue the science and ritual behind the making of these woven pieces considered carriers of life.

“Memories of the awayu and llijlla: protectors and carriers of life” is the name of the exhibition inaugurated at the National Museum of Ethnography and Folklore (Musef) in La Paz, curated by its director, the indigenous visual artist and poet Elvira Espejo, and the Aymara researcher Edwin Usquiano.

Espejo told EFE that it was very “important” for Musef to organize the exhibition “to recover and revalue the memory, science, and technology of the aguayos,” ‘awayus’ in Aymara and ‘llijllas’ in Quechua, which are not just ancestral garments, but “living books” that preserve this knowledge and wisdom.

“For example, to extract an iconography is a beautiful mathematical development because we can understand how the warps and wefts are counted. Many times, academics, with an external perspective, don’t see it because they don’t weave,” so they often stop at a “superficial description” of the piece, said Espejo, who is also a weaver.

She emphasized that this textile is also considered a “constant carrier of lives,” since men and women use it to carry agricultural products or ‘wawas’—small children in Quechua—and it is also used during childbirth.

Musef’s intention is to help bring the ancestral scientific and technological knowledge embedded in the process of making these textiles, along with their history, linguistics, and identity, to new generations, she added.

The exhibition is presented in three parts with around thirty cultural items, including replicas of textiles dating from 1420, originals from 1700 to 1900, and contemporary ones, along with paintings by students from the Public University of El Alto (UPEA) depicting older ‘awayus’ and their uses.

Ancestral Weaving and ‘Fast Fashion’

The tour begins in the archaeological era with the ‘aqhullas’ and the ‘llaqhutas,’ explained Usquiano, who is also a curator at Musef.

The ‘aqhulla’ is a one-piece textile used by women to cover their backs, carry babies, or transport food or instruments, made from camelid fiber and natural dyes, he said.

Worn by men, the ‘llaqhuta’ consists of two pieces joined in the center, also made of camelid fiber, and covers other garments like a cape.

There is also the ‘iskayu,’ so named because iskay means two in Quechua, and it is made from the joining of two pieces, according to Usquiano.

This textile was also used during colonial times, when the ‘mantiyus’ emerged, woven with one dark and one light color.

The curator noted that during that period, pieces with figures were used for ritual and ceremonial acts, while those for everyday use should not feature iconography—something that was revisited during the republican era with aguayos featuring “larger figures.”

The contemporary part of the exhibition presents current uses of the aguayo, such as the horizontal way women carry loads; the diagonal way men use it during festive, ritual, or daily events; or tied at the waist for festivities.

Also featured is a ‘kimsa khallu,’ a textile made from three pieces with bright colors and large figures.

The experts reflected on how industrial advancement also led to greater use of acrylic threads in these textiles, to the detriment of organic fibers.

Espejo criticized that society now consumes so-called ‘fast fashion,’ a “very accelerated fashion” with “very cheap artificial Chinese fabrics,” while organic fibers even offer health benefits.

Usquiano pointed out that textiles made from acrylic threads lack the ‘qamasa’ (energy) and ‘ajayu’ (soul) that master weavers infuse into a piece made with organic fibers, almost as a ritual—asking permission from nature’s protective spirits so that the outcome will be good.

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