SURVEYS: QUESTIONS SHOULD MATCH THE CHALLENGES | ENCUESTAS: RESPUESTAS ACORDE A LAS PREGUNTAS

By Oscar Antezana Malpartida:

The unity bloc has defined the survey questions and the system for selecting the single candidate who will compete in Bolivia’s presidential elections. While I believe this is the best attempt compared to the digital survey (which I won’t discuss now due to space constraints), I consider that the proposed questions are, in many cases, inadequate for determining who is best qualified to address the country’s serious problems. I will focus primarily on the questions, not necessarily the method. Let me explain why.

The population is polarized; MAS has worked to divide Bolivians. The opposition itself, as in other countries, is fragmented. Nowadays, more than ever, voters are guided by social media without verifying sources or selectively choosing information that confirms their biases. A large part of the population has been hypnotized after twenty years of staring at MAS’s serpent. A minority seeks information from reliable sources, and an even smaller percentage takes the time, at least for a moment, to compare it with reality. In this context, where people are more misinformed than informed, the questions need to be anchored in the challenges Bolivia will face.

Bolivia is dealing with an institutional, economic, and social crisis. The next government must prioritize strengthening the justice system so that everyone abides by the law, ensuring order and predictability, eliminating corruption and clientelism, and tackling drug trafficking. Another priority is stabilizing the economy: aligning all prices with reality, which involves reducing the size of the state, public spending, and tax evasion. To reactivate the economy, it will be necessary to maintain stability through appropriate fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies, open the economy to international markets and sign trade agreements, and attract private investment. Finally, key public entities such as the National Tax Service, National Customs, INRA, and the National Police, among others, must be reformed and/or strengthened.

Now, who would be capable of facing these challenges? Who has the clearest vision of the direction the country should take? Who has the political experience and knowledge/familiarity? Who has the courage and “wisdom” to implement reforms and policies with the necessary degree, sequence, and balance? Tuto, Samuel, Andrónico, Manfred, Chi? As mentioned, the questions should be anchored to these challenges because that is what the candidate will face, and we must explicitly assess their capabilities.

Who among the candidates is best prepared (political experience, subject knowledge, policy clarity, execution capacity) to:

  1. Reform the judicial system and eliminate corruption.
  2. Implement economic policies that solve the current situation while minimizing damage.
  3. Reform the state (Armed Forces, National Police, National Tax Service, National Customs, INRA, and others).
  4. Eradicate drug trafficking influence in both the public and private sectors.
  5. Lead the country toward stability, sustainable growth, and solidarity.

By incorporating these types of questions into the survey, the pollster (a) will “educate” or refresh the respondent’s understanding of reality and (b) will encourage reflection by contrasting the questions with what they know about the candidates. The survey results would have greater usefulness, weight, and reliability because they would be better grounded in the reality that awaits us rather than being purely subjective. By August, these questions would also serve as a reminder and, hopefully, lead to a more conscious and responsible vote.

As the reader will see, these types of questions contrast sharply with the questions presented in the survey, which are (summarized):

Question 1: “If the elections were held today, which candidate would you vote for?”
Question 2: “Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable, or very unfavorable opinion of the following candidates…”
Question 3: “Which of the following candidates do you believe would be best at handling Bolivia’s economic crisis?”
Question 4: “Which of the following candidates do you believe would be the best president for Bolivia?”
Question 5 (only with opposition candidates): “If the presidential elections in Bolivia were held today and the candidates were the following, who would you vote for?”

These questions seem more oriented toward measuring a certain preference/sympathy for the candidates. They are so general that they could be used to elect a class president in school. Using these types of questions to choose a candidate—especially in digital format—could lead to erroneous results with major consequences.

This is no trivial matter; the country’s future could depend on a seemingly insignificant survey. If adjusting the timeline is necessary to ensure a more rigorous process, it would be well worth the effort.

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