Politics and Values | Política y valores

By Renzo Abruzzese, El Deber:

What was the trajectory of social and political disaster in Bolivia? A controversial and complicated question, but we could attempt an answer. Since the mid-20th century, Bolivia’s political and social trajectory largely aligned with the phenomena that shook, for better or worse, the entirety of Latin American countries. We could say it followed a political behavior pattern applied to all countries in the region, functioning as long as oligarchies or dictatorships were in place.

In 2005, the victory of MAS with Evo Morales initiated a period that quickly shifted from a democratic-popular perspective to an ethnically and racially natured project. This shift largely stemmed from the fact that the only way MAS’s fascist project could be executed within the framework of the races that underpinned it was by negating the Republic and attempting to build a state in the same vein as Mussolini’s dream of reviving the Roman Empire or Hitler’s vision of constructing an Aryan Empire. Morales and his acolytes dreamed of reconstructing an indigenous empire in the best tradition of the Incan Empire; Choquehuanca declared himself, in line with these ideas, the last Inca and legitimate heir of Atahualpa. Whether true or false, this aspiration proved futile in the context of globalization and the planetary globalization we live in, and even worse, amid the immense transformations characteristic of the knowledge society.

The “pluricultural” project turned out to be a failure not only because all the formulas attempted to revive the flame of racial passions, which, in social subjectivity, were associated with Mussolini’s and Italian fascism’s experiments or Hitler’s German Nazism. To establish the Plurinational State, it was necessary to dismantle the republican one, and that was what happened. “Dismantling” the Republican State entailed the need to eliminate all its institutions, including the democratic ones, and this systematic task left us with a disinstitutionalized society in all aspects of modern life.

Institutions are those social structures whose mission is to reproduce and promote a broad set of values. These values are expressed in behaviors, attitudes, perceptions, etc., that is, in how we act and react to everyday events in the economy, politics, religion, fashion, etc. Therefore, disinstitutionalizing means eliminating values, and where there are no values to respect, there are no norms to enforce. This is why, when we affect the institution known as “family,” for example, the probability increases that its members develop behaviors not accepted by the community. The same applies to honesty, justice, equity, politics, law, etc.

When politics is disinstitutionalized, you reduce to dust the forms of political organization of the citizenry, that is, you disrupt the mechanisms of representation via parties or other groups and democratic citizen participation. If you strip social institutions of values, what we are left with is what MAS left us; a devastated country where anything is possible. The fear of punishment, social disapproval, and moral, ethical, and justice patterns are extremely weakened. At this point, the boundaries between good and bad, ethical and unethical, honest and dishonest, honorable and corrupt become unclear, and for this reason, the reign of impunity becomes the nurturing mother of the regime.

In summary, MAS’s politics, in its failed attempt to create the Plurinational State, managed to dismantle all institutions and the ways in which modern societies adjust their institutions within the frameworks of peaceful, enduring, and democratic coexistence. It is clear, consequently, that the legacy of masismo is a country where the degradation of morality, ethics, consciousness, and even discourse only reflect the failure of a project that condemned itself to death, not only because of its racist and discriminatory nature but also because of the mediocrity that accompanies it.

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