June 26, “Self-Coup” and Blank Check | 26 de junio, “autogolpe” y cheque en blanco

Por Germán Huanca Luna (*)

June 26, 2024, will be remembered in Bolivian history as the day when the Arce government resorted to sorrow, solidarity from international organizations, statements from countries, and the democratic sentiment of the population to postpone economic problems; regardless of the increase in country risk that drives away capital and the influx of dollars, with the staging of a military media show. What were the economic problems that led to the creation of a military media spectacle?

To analyze the economic problem, we will refer to what happens in family economics. When a family’s income falls suddenly and abruptly due to some significant event, unemployment, changes in contracts, price drops if they trade products, among others, and the family had already established expenses in the same proportion to income; then an economic hole is created. In economics, this difference is called a fiscal deficit, which Bolivia has been dragging since 2014, being one of the highest in the world, above 11% of GDP, and currently, this information is hidden with much secrecy. By maintaining the same level of public spending, and keeping a current hole of more than 5 billion dollars, it is practically titanic to sustain it; that amount hides the high level of fuel subsidies and the government’s excessive expenses.

In the case of a family, which has savings (cash, land, and housing, or other assets), it can use the savings to finance that decrease in income for a while; but, what it immediately does is cut its expenses or seek new opportunities to generate income until it balances its finances. What the Bolivian government did, with the irresponsible decisions of Evo Morales and Luis Arce Catacora, was to finance the fiscal deficit with the country’s savings; they liquidated the International Reserves, which in 2014 were more than 15 billion dollars, reducing them to less than 2 billion dollars in 2024. They sold gold and IMF Special Drawing Rights. International reserves are used to fulfill international financial commitments, and that is why Bolivia currently has problems in the provision of dollars to importers and paying for fuel purchases.

By not addressing the economic problems at their root, and not revealing the true current economic situation of the country, the Bolivian government began to feel the demands of the population channeled through social organizations (call them projects for communities), municipalities, and governors started feeling the reduction in income due to the reduction of the Direct Hydrocarbons Tax (IDH) due to the drop in income from gas sales, and therefore, they press for the collection of credits approved by the Plurinational Assembly between 2020 and 2023 that total a value of 4 billion dollars and some are still undisbursed, the transportation sectors announced strikes with blockades, and doctors announced new strikes. The government began to use the last available funds in the Pension Fund, which angered retirees. Internationally, CID Gallup’s Presidential Management survey was made public, putting Arce with a 12% approval rating, the second worst approved. Faced with this social, political, and economic panorama, the government needed oxygen to allow it to continue its management.

On June 26, in broad daylight, with television channels ready to broadcast live, an unprecedented event occurred in Bolivia, all centered on Plaza Murillo, serving as a smokescreen to cover up the economic reality, similar to 2019, which served to cover up the electoral fraud they could not control as they did now, as the population was furious about the electoral fraud, leading to a transitional government. To clarify the facts, the participation of the international community in the investigations is needed, as Bolivian justice lacks credibility and is at the service of the government; in this second “self-coup” it did have an effect, mainly a media one. The sequence of images suggests it seemed laboratory-made, where the “supposed usurper of power” converses with the “possibly deposed president,” and by General Zúñiga’s own declaration, a friend and sports activity partner of Arce, it is known that he acted under his orders. The only difference on this shameful historical date is that the population was an object, not a historical subject, and all to cover up the fragile economic situation of the country.

Consequently, if Melgarejo fired at the clouds to make it rain, June 26 will be remembered as the day Bolivians witnessed military movements to dismantle possible queues at gas stations and exchange houses, to dismantle the announced social conflicts and cover up the real economic problems, thus reviving the nationalist sentiment even of its opponents. The headline “attempted coup d’état” was used to generate international solidarity from international organizations and possibly some economic pause from fuel suppliers. Also, to receive a blank check to further indebt the country in complicity with social organizations, mayors, and governors, harden political persecution, and implement a dictatorship with a democratic face.

(*) Economist

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