Indigenous Amazon Violin Luthiers | Indígenas del Amazonas hacen violines

Agencia AFP, El Deber:

Indigenous Luthiers Offering Their Violins to Bolivia from the Amazon

Violines hechos por manos guarayas /Foto: AFP
Violins made by Guarayan hands /Photo: AFP

Urubichá, a town with 8,000 inhabitants, is primarily made up of indigenous people who speak Guarayo, one of the 37 officially recognized dialects in Bolivia. According to Waldo Papu, there are between 40 and 50 recognized luthiers in this area.

With its mud or wooden houses and dirt roads, Urubichá might seem like just another indigenous village. However, this predominantly Guarayo town harbors a secret: its luthiers have turned it into the largest violin workshop in Bolivia.

“I haven’t seen a place where so many violins are made” as here, notes Waldo Papu, rector of the Institute of Artistic Training, Choir, and Orchestra of Urubichá.

Located in the Amazon, in the central eastern part of the country, Urubichá has 8,000 inhabitants, most of whom are indigenous and speak Guarayo, one of Bolivia’s 37 officially recognized dialects.

Urubichá /Foto: AFP
Urubichá, located in the Guarayos province, Santa Cruz department, Bolivia /Photo:: AFP

There are between 40 and 50 recognized luthiers, says Waldo Papu. Although there is no formal census, his estimate suggests an average of one luthier for every 200 inhabitants.

The school he heads is one of the most recognized in baroque music in Bolivia. It has 600 students, and among them, about twenty are learning to make violins. The small town also boasts a symphony orchestra.

But the craft remains more a tradition than a formal education.

– A Memorable Virtue –

Hildeberto Oreyai became a luthier through his father. Now 76 years old, he is a renowned master craftsman, who takes two weeks to make a classic four-string instrument.

“I work all week because you have to work with the instrument. Patience is needed to get the sound right,” he tells AFP in a mix of Guarayo and Spanish.

Violines hechos por manos guarayas /Foto: AFP
Violins made by Guarayo hands /Photo: AFP

Each violin he makes from cedar or mara—two types of resilient wood—sells for the equivalent of about $580, according to his family.

Widowed, with five children and several grandchildren, Oreyai speaks little. He has been suffering from hearing problems for some time. With his luthier’s ear diminished, he practically tunes from memory.

“I really like to play,” repeats this elderly man with glasses, sitting outside his wooden plank workshop.

Unlike other master craftsmen, Hildeberto Oreyai has not managed to get any of his descendants to continue the luthier craft he first learned from his grandfather. 

Hildeberto Oreyai, fabrica violines en Urubichá /Foto: AFP
Hildeberto Oreyai, making violins in Urubichá /Photo: AFP

– The origin –

The village of violins can only be accessed by a 300 km road that connects it with Santa Cruz, the capital of the department of the same name.

In the early 19th century, Franciscan missionaries arrived at this Guarayo village—which in Spanish means “where the waters meet”—and noticed that the indigenous people were skilled artisans, but above all, they observed their inclination for music. 

Hildeberto Oreyai tocando el violín en Urubichá /Foto: AFP
Hildeberto Oreyai tocando el violín en Urubichá /Foto: AFP

A tendency that, according to anthropologists, is rooted in their idea of death. For the Guarayo soul to reach the grandfather, as they refer to their god, it must sing and play the “tacuara” or bamboo flute, explains Urubichá’s indigenous historian Juan Urañavi.

The soul rides on a caiman to meet the grandfather, but if it doesn’t know how to play the tacuara well, “due to some neglect in life,” the caiman overturns it into the river to devour it, he adds.

Taking advantage of this musical sensitivity, the Franciscans used the violin as a means of evangelization.

Initially, these instruments could only be played in church, but then “the natives themselves learned from the missionaries” how to make and play them, adds Papu.

This is the origin of the deep-rooted prestige surrounding the luthiers in Urubichá, whose craft is now learned not only in family workshops but also in the town’s institute classrooms. 

Hernán Yarita, fabricante de violines en Urubichá /Foto: AFP
Hernán Yarita, violin maker in Urubichá /Photo: AFP

Hernán Yarita, 38, is about to graduate as a luthier. Keeping an eye on the national market, he wants his violins to reach his fellow villagers first to keep the tradition alive: “There are children who don’t have violins, and we have this vision of making them for ourselves, for our relatives.”

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