By El Diario:

In its 88 years of existence

Pando has just over 134,000 inhabitants, but its strategic location in the Bolivian Amazon makes the department an important hub for cross-border economic activity.

Its population, exports, and commercial exchange with Brazil reflect the characteristics of an economy shaped by Amazonian resources and its connection to the Brazilian market.

According to the results of the 2024 Population and Housing Census, Pando has 134,194 inhabitants. Men account for 52.8% of the population and women 47.2%, while nearly two-thirds of residents (64.3%) are between 15 and 64 years old.

The Brazil nut industry is one of the main drivers of Pando’s economy. In 2025, the department exported products worth US$49.3 million, according to data from Bolivia’s National Statistics Institute (INE) processed by the Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade (IBCE).

Of that total, approximately US$38.9 million came from exports of shelled Brazil nuts, a product that accounted for nearly 79% of the value of Pando’s foreign sales during the year. Profiled wood and sawn timber also ranked among the department’s main exports, although with a smaller share.

Export destinations show that Pando’s production is not dependent solely on neighboring countries.

The United States was the leading buyer of products from Pando in 2025, importing approximately US$17.1 million worth of goods. Brazil, by contrast, imported about US$1.04 million, equivalent to 2.11% of the department’s total exports.

Brazil’s importance to Pando becomes much clearer when looking at trade flows in the opposite direction.

Between 2010 and 2023, Brazil accounted for approximately 70% of the department’s cumulative imports, according to IBCE data. This reflects the significant role the neighboring country plays as a supplier within the border economy.

The commercial relationship is also linked to the proximity between Cobija and the Brazilian cities of Brasiléia and Epitaciolândia.

In this border region, there is a constant flow of people, goods, and services, forming part of the department’s everyday economic dynamics.

The figures therefore portray Pando through three dimensions: a population of 134,194 inhabitants, an export economy strongly tied to Brazil nuts, and cross-border commercial activity in which Brazil plays an important role, especially as a supplier to the local market.

HISTORY

On September 24, 1938, Bolivia officially incorporated Pando as its ninth department. The law enacted by President Germán Busch created the new political entity from the former National Territory of Colonies, located in an Amazonian region bordering Brazil and Peru.

The decision had a clear geopolitical purpose. Decades earlier, northern Bolivia had been the scene of the Acre dispute, driven by the rubber boom and the weak presence of the state in a vast and difficult-to-access region. Following the Treaty of Petrópolis in 1903, which redefined the border with Brazil, the need to strengthen Bolivian administration in the Amazon remained a permanent concern.

The territory that would later become Pando had been organized in 1900, during the administration of José Manuel Pando, as the National Territory of Colonies. Thirty-eight years later, Busch’s government decided to elevate it to departmental status in order to grant it greater political importance and encourage demographic and economic growth.

The new department was named Pando in honor of former President José Manuel Pando, an explorer of Bolivia’s northwest and a key figure in the country’s defense during the Acre conflict.

The law established four provinces—Tahuamanu, Abuná, Manuripi, and Madre de Dios—and initially designated Puerto Rico as the capital. Cobija did not receive that status until September 29, 1945.

Thus, in 1938, a region that had previously been administered as a national territory gained departmental status. Pando was born from the need to strengthen administration, integration, and Bolivia’s presence along its Amazonian frontier. (With information from Red Uno and El Diario.)

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