Bolivia Turns 201 With Old Divides and New Calls for Unity | Entre heridas abiertas y fisuras, Bolivia celebra sus 201 con el desafío de un nuevo pacto

By Carlos Corz, Vision 360:

Bolivia will mark its 201st anniversary on Aug. 6 facing many of the same political, regional and social divisions that overshadowed last year’s bicentennial celebrations, as President Rodrigo Paz seeks support for a national reconciliation pact.

En Santa Cruz hubo un paro de 36 días en contra de Luis Arce, en 2022, exigiendo adelantar el censo. Al final, no se adelantó el proceso. Foto: ABI

In Santa Cruz, there was a 36-day strike against Luis Arce in 2022, demanding that the census be brought forward. Ultimately, the process was not expedited. Photo: ABI

The official ceremony will take place in Sucre, the country’s constitutional capital, with little of the fanfare that typically accompanies national milestones. Instead, attention remains focused on deep-rooted tensions between eastern and western Bolivia, urban and rural populations, and competing visions of the country’s future.

“The wounds that run through the country today did not emerge recently. Bolivia carries historical tensions,” political analyst and former La Paz councilman Jorge Dulon said.

Those divisions stem from longstanding disputes over centralization, regional inequalities, social exclusion and the challenge of forging a shared national identity in one of Latin America’s most diverse countries, analysts say.

The debate intensified during the nearly two decades of rule by the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), the political movement led by former President Evo Morales and later by Luis Arce. That period transformed Bolivia from a republic into a Plurinational State, expanding political representation for historically marginalized groups while also deepening regional and political rivalries.

Luis Arce and David Choquehuanca in Sucre on August 6, where several incidents were recorded. Photo: Correo del Sur

Analyst Erika Brockmann describes the country’s fractures as territorial, ethnic-cultural and socioeconomic in nature, arguing that several political processes “instead of contributing to the repair of these tensions, have actually deepened them.”

Economic disparities remain evident. According to official data, extreme poverty in 2025 reached 31.5% in rural areas, compared with 10.2% in urban centers.

Regional tensions have also resurfaced despite more than a decade of decentralization efforts. Yet recent events highlighted the country’s economic interdependence. A 53-day blockade disrupted supply chains, isolated major cities including La Paz and El Alto, and curtailed export routes, exposing the dependence of both eastern and western regions on one another.

“This notion of east versus west has been distorted by recent conflicts because we have realized that we are interdependent,” Brockmann said.

For lawmaker Lissa Claros, Bolivia must move beyond regionalist rhetoric if it hopes to overcome its divisions.

“The only vision of statehood, the only vision of country, the only vision of development is one in which we move forward together,” she said. “If we maintain only a regionalist vision, a vision of selfishness, we will never be able to develop or overcome the gaps that have caused us so much harm.”

Paz, who ended a 19-year political cycle dominated by MAS governments, has made national reconciliation a central objective of his administration. Shortly after taking office, he faced protests led by peasant groups, labor leaders and Morales himself, underscoring the fragility of the political environment.

“After years marked by permanent confrontation, Bolivia needs to replace the logic of defeating an adversary with the logic of jointly building the state,” Dulon said.

The government has outlined plans to pursue constitutional reforms and legislation aimed at attracting investment in strategic sectors including hydrocarbons, energy and mining. It is also seeking greater cooperation with regional governments as part of a broader discussion on autonomy and federalism.

Analysts say the success of those initiatives will depend on the administration’s ability to build political consensus in a fragmented landscape.

“He has to build a pact,” Brockmann said. “Democratic institutions are essential, but they become much weaker in the absence of political parties.”

As Bolivia enters its third century as an independent nation, many observers argue that the country’s future will depend less on political leaders than on its ability to bridge long-standing divisions.

“Bolivia’s future will depend less on who governs and much more on our ability to reconnect as free citizens, diverse yet equal in dignity, capable of debating without destroying one another and of building a common project that transcends political circumstances,” Dulon said.

Massive concentration of groups and people in the center of La Paz in the 2019 crisis. Photo: EFE

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