Bolivia’s New Dollar Reality | La nueva realidad del dólar en Bolivia

By Erika Segales, El Deber:

12 Questions and Answers to Understand the Flexible Exchange Rate and Its Implementation

The new exchange-rate regime replaces the fixed rate and establishes that the price of the U.S. dollar will be calculated daily starting June 29.

Bolivia is entering a new exchange-rate phase beginning Monday, June 29. The country will leave behind the fixed exchange rate of Bs 6.96, which had been in place for nearly 15 years, and adopt a flexible system in which the official value of the dollar will be determined daily based on foreign-currency purchase transactions carried out within the financial system.

What will happen to savings? Will prices rise? What happens to debts denominated in dollars? Does this represent an adjustment to reflect market reality in the value of the boliviano? These are some of the questions arising among the population.

The following questions and answers explain how the flexible exchange rate may affect savings, loans, prices, and everyday transactions.

  1. What does it mean that Bolivia will have a flexible exchange rate?
    • It means that the dollar will no longer have a fixed value. Instead, the official exchange rate will be calculated daily using as a reference the dollar purchase transactions conducted by financial institutions with their clients. The Central Bank will publish the new Official Exchange Rate (TCO) for each business day.
  2. Where can I check the dollar exchange rate?
    • The official dollar exchange rate will vary and can be consulted through the channels of the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB). Every business day, starting at 8:00 p.m., the central bank will publish on its website the exchange rate that will be valid for the following day.
  3. When does the flexible exchange rate take effect?
    • The measure takes effect on Monday, June 29. For that day, the BCB established the official exchange rate at Bs 9.73 per dollar.
  4. Can the dollar return to the previous rate of Bs 6.96?
    • Under a flexible exchange-rate regime, the rate can rise or fall depending on the supply and demand for dollars. It is not impossible for the exchange rate to return to Bs 6.96 at some point, but that value will no longer be fixed as it was for nearly 15 years.
    • If more dollars enter the country or supply increases, the price may fall; if availability decreases and demand rises, it may increase.
  5. How will the official dollar exchange rate now be calculated?
    • The new official exchange rate will be based on actual transactions carried out within the financial system. The Financial System Supervisory Authority (ASFI) will require commercial banks, SME banks, and the state-owned bank to report all dollar purchase transactions conducted with their clients up to 5:00 p.m. each day. Based on that information, the exchange rate will be established and later published by the Central Bank of Bolivia.
  6. How will authorities prevent the dollar from soaring?
    • Although the new regime allows the exchange rate to move according to the supply and demand of foreign currency, the State maintains monitoring and intervention mechanisms to prevent sharp fluctuations.
    • The BCB will continue participating in the foreign-exchange market and publishing the official exchange rate. The government also maintains that it retains the capacity to intervene through the foreign-currency resources available to the country.
  7. If I have a loan, will my payments increase because of the new exchange rate?
    • Loans denominated in bolivianos will maintain the same agreed-upon conditions. According to the government, the vast majority of loans in the financial system are in the national currency, so fluctuations in the dollar do not alter installment amounts or established interest rates.
  8. What happens if I have a debt in dollars?
    • It depends on the contract. If the obligation is denominated in dollars, repayment must take into account the prevailing exchange rate. However, many transactions were already being conducted at values close to the market rate before this measure.
  9. Will my dollar savings be affected by the new regime?
    • If a person has dollars deposited in an account, they still own those dollars. The change lies in the value at which those dollars can be converted into bolivianos, since the new official exchange rate will now apply instead of the previous fixed rate.
  10. What will happen to the prices of imported products?
    • Products that depend on imports may be affected because importers need dollars to purchase goods, pay suppliers, or bring inputs into the country. If the cost of the dollar changes, this may be reflected in some prices.
    • However, the impact will depend on each product and on exchange-rate movements. The government argues that having a single reference exchange rate will reduce the distortions that had already been affecting import costs and price formation.
  11. Does this measure represent an adjustment to reflect market reality in the value of the boliviano?
    • The government rejects the characterization of the measure as a devaluation and instead describes it as an adjustment to reflect market reality in the exchange rate. Critics, however, argue that the measure effectively acknowledges a loss in the boliviano’s value against the dollar.
    • Since the shortage of dollars began, many transactions had already been carried out using a reference rate or the parallel-market exchange rate.
  12. Why was it necessary to abandon the fixed exchange rate?
    • The government argues that the fixed exchange rate no longer reflected economic reality because many transactions were already being conducted at values different from the official rate. With the new system, it seeks to establish a single reference rate for all transactions.

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