From Protest Leaders to Electoral Defeat | De líderes de protesta a derrota electoral

By Germaine Barriga, Vision 360:

From leaders of the 2019 struggle to defeated at the polls: Camacho and Pumari fall in Santa Cruz and Potosí

Luis Fernando Camacho and Marco Antonio Pumari lost the elections for governors of their departments. In Santa Cruz, the current governor, who ran for reelection, is in third place with 21.93% of the vote; meanwhile, the former president of Comcipo is also in third place, with 13.65% of the Sirepre vote.

El gobernador de Santa Cruz, Luis Fernando Camacho, quien se repostuló a la Gobernación, y Marco Antonio Pumari, quien fue candidato a la Gobernación de Potosí, ocupan el tercer lugar en el conteo del Sirepre. Foto: Unitel

The governor of Santa Cruz, Luis Fernando Camacho, who ran again for the governorship, and Marco Antonio Pumari, who was a candidate for the governorship of Potosí, are in third place in the Sirepre count. Photo: Unitel

Former civic leaders Luis Fernando Camacho and Marco Antonio Pumari, who credit themselves with the resignation of former president Evo Morales in November 2019—an event that occurred amid mobilizations called by the National Committee for the Defense of Democracy, joined by institutions and the population—ended up losing the subnational elections in their respective departments, Santa Cruz and Potosí.

The governor of Santa Cruz ran for reelection in the March 22, 2026 subnational elections under Creemos and obtained 328,152 votes (21.93%), compared to Juan Pablo Velasco of Libre, who reached 423,340 votes (28.31%), and Otto Ritter, candidate of the Santa Cruz Somos Todos (STP) group, who obtained 399,592 votes (26.71%).

Meanwhile, Pumari, candidate for Alianza Proyecto País (APP), obtained 42,171 votes (13.65%), compared to the candidate for Alianza Social (AS), René Joaquino, who reached 130,017 votes (42.14%), followed by Marco Copa, of Alianza Patria Unidos (APU), who obtained 62,497 votes (20.26%), according to results from the Preliminary Results Transmission System (Sirepre).

The former president of the Pro Santa Cruz Civic Committee and the former president of the Potosí Civic Committee (Comcipo) ran as presidential and vice-presidential candidates in the 2020 general elections under the Creemos alliance, after the political crisis that led to Morales’ resignation, in a context of extreme violence from groups aligned with the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS).

Both leaders entered the Government Palace carrying a Bible, while the population of La Paz was subjected to attacks and looting by MAS militants. From that moment, they began shaping their candidacy for the 2020 general elections.

However, in December 2019, a leaked audio of a conversation between Pumari and Camacho revealed a request for $250,000 and control over customs offices in Potosí and Oruro by the former civic leader of Potosí, in exchange for being his running mate in the 2020 general elections—an issue that sparked strong criticism against them.

Although polls on voting intention conducted by some firms gave them only 13.8%, compared to 34% for the MAS candidate Luis Arce and 27.9% for the Comunidad Ciudadana (CC) candidate Carlos Mesa, they refused to withdraw their candidacy.

The MAS candidate won the elections with 55%

The official results of the 2020 general elections gave victory to Arce, who obtained 3,394,052 votes (55%); Mesa came in second with 1,775,953 votes (28.83%), and Camacho placed third with 862,186 votes (14%).

Amid the electoral campaign, and due to vote fragmentation and the limited chances of victory for Creemos candidates, Comcipo decided not to support Pumari, whom they had previously backed, arguing that the decision was made in a consultative council that had resolved to support the former civic leader under the argument that “a Potosino would become vice president of Bolivia.”

The president of the civic entity, Juan Carlos Manuel, who died in 2024 while in hiding due to a legal case against him, stated: “We place on record the expression of the Potosino citizen vote, always safeguarding and prioritizing democracy, which bleeds and mourns the Bolivian people of Potosí, despite the insistence of political parties to remain in the electoral race.”

He also revealed that Pumari’s supporters went to Comcipo to demand support from the people of Potosí ahead of the October 18 elections. “The people of Potosí denounce the political and partisan interference of the Creemos alliance, violating its militant participation within Comcipo,” reported Urgente.bo.

Additionally, former prefect of Cochabamba, Manfred Reyes, sent a note to Camacho asking him to call for dialogue with Carlos Mesa, candidate of Comunidad Ciudadana (CC), to build an agreement ahead of the elections.

On October 8, two directors of the Pro Interests Committee of Tarija sent a letter to Camacho asking him to withdraw his candidacy and aspirations ahead of the October 18 elections, when Bolivians would go to the polls.

Senator Edwin Rodríguez, through a letter, asked Marco Antonio Pumari to step down from his vice-presidential candidacy for the Creemos alliance, which had nominated Camacho for president.

After his defeat at the polls, Pumari published a video in which he denounced, through his social media, that he was the victim of death threats, insults, and attacks in the media, inviting his detractors to insult him the following day in the 10 de Noviembre square in the city of Potosí.

On October 21, Pumari appeared at the 10 de Noviembre square, where he was received by a crowd that insulted and attacked him by throwing eggs and tomatoes, forcing police to evacuate him to preserve his safety.

After his defeat in the general elections, Camacho ran as a candidate for governor of Santa Cruz and achieved victory with 860,023 votes (55.64%), followed by MAS-IPSP candidate Mario Cronenbold, who obtained 589,978 votes (38.17%).

Pumari, for his part, participated in the electoral process with the political alliance Partido Acción Nacional (PAN-BOL) as a candidate for governor of the department of Potosí and came in second place with 70,981 votes (22.29%); first place went to Jhonny Mamani, MAS-IPSP candidate, who obtained 140,275 votes (44.05%).

The former civic leaders were imprisoned, accused of participating in a “coup” against Morales

On December 9 of that year, Pumari was arrested in an operation carried out in the capital, where police were deployed and raided Comcipo offices in search of its president; it was later confirmed that the former civic leader had been detained.

According to the police report, on December 9, 2021, around 22:00, Pumari was arrested and later transferred to the Cantumarca prison, accused of alleged electoral crimes, the burning of the Departmental Electoral Tribunal (TED) of Potosí in 2019, and in connection with the “Coup d’État I” case. In August 2025, he was released after being imprisoned for three years and eight months.

Luis Fernando Camacho, governor of the department of Santa Cruz, was detained and imprisoned as part of the investigation into the 2019 unrest that forced then-president Evo Morales to resign.

On December 21, 2022, the governor of Santa Cruz was arrested and jailed in La Paz in connection with the “Coup d’État I” case, according to the arrest warrant issued by the La Paz Departmental Prosecutor’s Office.

According to the report, he was detained within the framework of the investigation into the 2019 unrest that forced then-president Evo Morales to resign from office. On August 26, 2025, the courts ordered house arrest for the authority, who had remained imprisoned for nearly three years in the Chonchocoro prison.

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